PDF(1067 KB)
PDF(1067 KB)
PDF(1067 KB)
具有智能外围的智能电网——能源互联网架构
Smart Grids with Intelligent Periphery: An Architecture for the Energy Internet
A future smart grid must fulfill the vision of the Energy Internet in which millions of people produce their own energy from renewables in their homes, offices, and factories and share it with each other. Electric vehicles and local energy storage will be widely deployed. Internet technology will be utilized to transform the power grid into an energy-sharing inter-grid. To prepare for the future, a smart grid with intelligent periphery, or smart GRIP, is proposed. The building blocks of GRIP architecture are called clusters and include an energy-management system (EMS)-controlled transmission grid in the core and distribution grids, micro-grids, and smart buildings and homes on the periphery; all of which are hierarchically structured. The layered architecture of GRIP allows a seamless transition from the present to the future and plug-and-play interoperability. The basic functions of a cluster consist of ① dispatch, ② smoothing, and ③ mitigation. A risk-limiting dispatch methodology is presented; a new device, called the electric spring, is developed for smoothing out fluctuations in periphery clusters; and means to mitigate failures are discussed.
smart grid / future grid / Energy Internet / energy-management system / integrating renewables / power system operation / power system control / distribution automation systems / demand-side management
| [1] |
F. F. Wu, K. Moslehi, A. Bose. Power system control centers: Past, present, and future. Proc. IEEE, 2005, 93(11): 1890–1908
|
| [2] |
International Energy Agency. Energy technology perspectives 2015. [2015-11-24]. http://www.iea.org/etp/
|
| [3] |
International Energy Agency. Technology roadmaps. [2015-11-24]. https://www.iea.org/roadmaps/
|
| [4] |
International Energy Agency. World energy outlook 2014. [2015-11-24]. http://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/WEO2014SUM.pdf
|
| [5] |
J. Rifkin. The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011
|
| [6] |
J. Taft, P. De Martini. Ultra large-scale power system control architecture: A strategic framework for integrating advanced grid functionality. San Jose: Cisco Connected Energy Business Unit. 2012
|
| [7] |
D. Bakken,
|
| [8] |
J. Walrand, P. Varaiya. High-Performance Communication Networks. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 1996
|
| [9] |
N. Cohn. Control of Generation and Power Flow on Interconnected Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1966
|
| [10] |
P. P. Varaiya, F. F. Wu, J. W. Bialek. Smart operation of smart grid: Risk-limiting dispatch. Proc. IEEE, 2011, 99(1): 40–57
|
| [11] |
R. Rajagopal, E. Bitar, P. Varaiya, F. Wu. Risk-limiting dispatch for integrating renewable power. Int. J. Elec. Power, 2013, 44(1): 615–628
|
| [12] |
K. Dowd. Measuring Market Risk. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002
|
| [13] |
B. Zhang, R. Rajagopal, D. Tse. Network risk limiting dispatch: Optimal control and price uncertainty. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., 2014, 59(9): 2442–2456
|
| [14] |
C. Peng, Y. Hou. Risk-limiting dispatch with operating constraints. In: IEEE PES General Meeting. Washington D.C., USA, 2014
|
| [15] |
S. Y. R. Hui, C. K. Lee, F. F. Wu. Power control circuit and method for stabilizing a power supply: PCT, 61/389,489. 2012-04-05
|
| [16] |
S. Y. R. Hui, C. K. Lee, F. F. Wu. Electric springs—A new smart grid technology. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2012, 3(3): 1552–1561
|
| [17] |
S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, S. Y. R. Hui. General steady-state analysis and control principle of electric springs with active and reactive power compensations. IEEE Trans. Power Electr., 2013, 28(8): 3958–3969
|
| [18] |
X. Chen, Y. Hou, S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, S. Y. R. Hui. Mitigating voltage and frequency fluctuation in microgrids using electric springs. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2015, 6(2): 508–515
|
| [19] |
C. K. Lee, S. Y. R. Hui. Input AC voltage control bi-directional power converters: US, 13/907,350. 2013-12-05
|
| [20] |
K. T. Mok, T. Yang, S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, S. Y. R. Hui. Distributed grid voltage and utility frequency stabilization via shunt-type electric springs. In: 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition. Montreal, Canada, 2015: 3774–3779
|
| [21] |
C. K. Lee, S. Y. R. Hui. Reduction of energy storage requirements in future smart grid using electric springs. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2013, 4(3): 1282–1288
|
| [22] |
S. Yan, S. C. Tan, C. K. Lee, B. Chaudhuri, S. Y. R. Hui. Electric springs for reducing power imbalance in three-phase power systems. IEEE Trans. Power Electr., 2015, 30(7): 3601–3609
|
| [23] |
J. Soni, K. R. Krishnanand, S. K. Panda. Load-side demand management in buildings using controlled electric springs. In: Proceedings of IECON 2014—40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Dallas, TX, USA, 2014: 5376–5381
|
| [24] |
North American Electric Reliability Corporation. Severe impact resilience: Considerations and recommendations. 2012[2015-11-24]. http://www.nerc.com/docs/oc/sirtf/SIRTF_ Final_May_9_2012-Board_Accepted.pdf
|
| [25] |
M. M. Adibi. Power System Restoration: Methodologies & Implementation Strategies. New York: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2000
|
| [26] |
S. Liu, Y. Hou, C. Liu, R. Podmore. The healing touch: Tools and challenges for smart grid restoration. IEEE Power Energy M., 2014, 12(1): 54–63
|
| [27] |
T. Krause, G. Andersson, K. Frohlich, A. Vaccaro. Multiple-energy carriers: Modeling of production, delivery, and consumption. Proc. IEEE, 2011, 99(1): 15–27
|
| [28] |
M. Qadrdan, J. Wu, N. Jenkins, J. Ekanayake. Operating strategies for a GB integrated gas and electricity network considering the uncertainty in wind power forecasts. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energ., 2014, 5(1): 128–138
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
