人类活动造成的二氧化碳（CO₂ ）排放是引起全球变暖和气候变化的主要原因之一。绝大部分二氧化碳 的排放来源于化石燃料燃烧，以及钢铁和水泥生产等工业过程。二氧化碳的排放会导致气候变化，而二 氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）是一种可持续性技术，在减排方面具有前景。从这个角度而言，二氧化 碳捕集着重于化学吸收技术，主要原因在于其商业化潜力。本文对各种化学溶剂吸收二氧化碳的能力和 速率进行了总结。二氧化碳的利用重点在于电化学转化途径，即将二氧化碳转化为具有潜在价值的化学 品，这一途径已经备受关注。通过不同二氧化碳减排产品的法拉第转换效率，可对效率的改善情况进行 说明。为了成功应用二氧化碳封存技术，需要更好地了解流体力学、地质力学以及反应运移，本文将详细讨论这几点。

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas contributing to anthropogenic climate change which is associated with human activities. The majority of CO₂ emissions are results of the burning of fossil fuels for energy, as well as industrial processes such as steel and cement production. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a sustainability technology promising in terms of reducing CO₂ emissions that would otherwise contribute to climate change. From this perspective, the discussion on carbon capture focuses on chemical absorption technology, primarily due to its commercialization potential. The CO₂ absorptive capacity and absorption rate of various chemical solvents have been summarized. The carbon utilization focuses on electrochemical conversion routes converting CO₂ into potentially valuable chemicals have received particular attention. The Faradaic conversion efficiencies for various CO₂ reduction products are used to describe efficiency improvements. For carbon storage, successful deployment relies on a better understanding of fluid mechanics, geomechanics, and reactive transport, which are discussed in details.