本研究以香草醛为原料，采用无溶剂的简便合成方法，制备出一种生物基绿色抗菌剂和芳香族单体甲基丙烯化香草醛（MV），其不仅可赋予皮革涂层抗菌性能，还可作为石油基致癌物苯乙烯（St）的绿色替代物。然后通过细乳液聚合法，将MV与丙烯酸丁酯（BA）共聚，制得生物基水性P(MV-BA)细乳液。进一步将具有优异光热转换性能和抗菌性能的MXene纳米片，通过超声分散的方式引入P(MV-BA)细乳液中，制得P(MV-BA)/MXene纳米复合细乳液。最后，将P(MV-BA)/MXene纳米复合细乳液喷涂在皮革表面，当其在皮革表面逐渐固化时，MXene在超声空化效应和其两亲性的共同作用下，逐渐向皮革涂层表面迁移，从而可与光和细菌充分接触，发挥最大光热转换性能和抗菌效果。当MXene用量为1.4 wt%时，P(MV-BA)/MXene纳米复合细乳液涂饰革样在冬季太阳光的照射下，表面温度升高了约15 ℃；涂饰革样在模拟日光下处理30 min后，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率接近100%。此外，MXene纳米片的引入还提高了皮革涂层的透气性、透水汽性和热稳定性。本研究为开发具有优异保暖性和抗菌性的新型、绿色、水性生物基纳米复合皮革涂层提供了新思路。该皮革涂层不仅能在冬季实现基于太阳光的零碳供暖，减少化石燃料的使用和温室气体的排放，还能提高皮革抵御有害细菌、病毒和其他微生物入侵的能力。

This study presents a solvent-free, facile synthesis of a bio-based green antibacterial agent and aromatic monomer methacrylated vanillin (MV) using vanillin. The resulting MV not only imparted antibacterial properties to coatings layered on leather, but could also be employed as a green alternative to petroleum-based carcinogen styrene (St). Herein, MV was copolymerized with butyl acrylate (BA) to obtain waterborne bio-based P(MV-BA) miniemulsion via miniemulsion polymerization. Subsequently, MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal conversion performance and antibacterial properties, were introduced into the P(MV-BA) miniemulsion by ultrasonic dispersion. During the gradual solidification of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion on the leather surface, MXene gradually migrated to the surface of leather coatings due to the cavitation effect of ultrasonication and amphiphilicity of MXene, which prompted its full exposure to light and bacteria, exerting the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency and significant antibacterial efficacy. In particular, when the dosage of MXene nanosheets was 1.4 wt%, the surface temperature of P(MV-BA)/MXene nanocomposite miniemulsion-coated leather (PML) increased by about 15 °C in an outdoor environment during winter, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was nearly 100% under the simulated sunlight treatment for 30 min. Moreover, the introduction of MXene nanosheets increased the air permeability, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability of these coatings. This study provides a new insight into the preparation of novel, green, and waterborne bio-based nanocomposite coatings for leather, with desired warmth retention and antibacterial properties. It can not only realize zero-carbon heating based on sunlight in winter, reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, but also improve ability to fight off invasion by harmful bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.