生态文明是人类文明发展的新阶段，是人类社会发展中出现的更复杂、更进步、更高级的人类文明形态。在我国，建设生态文明已被提升为国家发展战略并逐步付诸实践。本文从人与自然关系的角度入手揭示了人类文明形态的演进，指出生态文明是继原始文明、农业文明、工业文明之后的一种新的文明形态；阐释了我国建设生态文明的国际和国内背景，并在新中国成立以来发展理念变革分析的基础上，解读了生态文明建设的五大意义；最后结合现状提出开展生态文明建设的战略建议，为我国生态文明建设理论和实践提供参考。

Ecological civilization is a new stage of human civilization. It is a more complex, more progressive and more advanced mode, accompanying the development of human society. In China, the promulgation of ecological civilization has been promoted to the level of national development strategies and has been gradually put into practice. From the perspective of the relationship between man and nature, the paper is started by analyzing the evolution process of human civilization, underlying that ecological civilization is a new form preceding the primitive civilization, agricultural civilization and industrial civilization. Furthermore, the paper explains the international and domestic backdrop for promoting ecological civilization in China. Based on the changes of the national development concepts since the foundation of a new China, this paper interprets the five opportunities for promoting ecological civilization in China. Finally, the paper proposes strategic recommendations based on the current situation, in order to provide reference for ecological civilization theory and practice in China.