本文综合考虑了未来影响中国潜在经济增长的若干主要因素及其传导机制，构建了经济系统模型，预测了未来20年中国的经济规模及其结构变化。在基准情景下，2016—2020、2021—2025、2026—2030和2031—2035年四个时期我国国内生产总值（GDP）增长率分别为6.4 %、5.6 %、4.9 %和4.5 %。2035年中国不变价GDP规模将为2000年的10.06倍、2010年的3.99倍、2020年的2.02倍。未来20年内，以投资拉动为主的经济增长模式将逐步转变为以消费需求为主导的发展新模式。面对发达经济体可能低速增长的国际环境以及国内新增劳动力逐渐减少的情况，中国经济需要加强研发和教育投入，提高投入效率和全要素生产率，推进技术进步和制造业的转型与升级；加快推动财税金融体制改革和收入分配体制改革，推进城镇化和第三产业发展。

In this paper, we consider the main factors affecting the potential economic growth of China in the future and their transmission mechanism, in order to construct an economic system model and forecast the scale and structure of China’s economy over the next 20 years. In the benchmark scenario, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth rates from 2016–2020, 2021–2025, 2026–2030, and 2031–2035 are 6.4 %, 5.6 %, 4.9 %, and 4.5 %, respectively. In 2035, China's GDP scale will be 10.06 times greater than in 2000, 3.99 times greater than in 2010, and 2.02 times greater than in 2020. Over the next 20 years, investment-driven economic growth will gradually change into a new stage of development that is led by consumption demand. In the face of slowing growth in developed economies and the gradual reduction of its domestic labor force, China needs to strengthen its research and education investment; improve investment efficiency, total factor productivity, and technological progress; promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry; and accelerate the tax reform of the financial system and the reform of the income distribution system.