在生态文明建设的时代背景下，科学评价资源环境承载力、开展环境承载力约束下的产业发展布局战略对策研究是一项非常重要的基础性工作。从环境承载力的科学内涵出发，以大气环境容量、水环境容量、水资源承载力评价为基础，结合主体功能区定位，针对全国以及京津冀、西北五省（自治区）等重点区域，提出了环境承载力约束下的全国产业发展、能源产业和重点区域产业布局调控战略对策，以期为产业布局规划提供科学指导，实现产业发展方式转变与环境保护的“双赢”。

Under China's goal of ecological civilization construction, research into strategies for industrial development layout within the constraints of the environmental carrying capacity has become increasingly important. Based on China's atmospheric and water carrying capacities, its water resources, and the positions of its main functional zones, this paper puts forward strategies for the layout of industrial development in China's industry, energy industry, and key regional industries under the constraints of the nation-wide environmental carrying capacity and the carrying capacities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji), the five northwestern provinces and autonomous regions, and other key areas. These strategies provide scientific guidance for industrial layout planning and for the achievement of a successful combination of industrial development and environmental protection.