作为战略性新兴产业的重要组成部分，新型能源材料产业的发展关系到国民经济、社会发展和国家安全。本文选取锂离子电池和燃料电池这两种典型新能源关键材料，总结了国内外新能源材料的发展情况，分析了我国相关材料产业发展存在的原始创新不足、关键战略材料产业链安全面临威胁、高端产品自给率不高、高端应用自主保障能力不足以及“产学研用”合作平台欠缺等问题，展望了国内外新材料研发与产业的发展趋势。面向2025 年和2035 年的发展要求，阐述了我国新能源关键材料在锂离子电池和燃料电池领域的发展思路，细化了发展目标和重点任务。研究建议：完善顶层规划，加大创新驱动政策支持力度，培育优势企业，开展生产应用示范平台建设，加强人才队伍建设，以期实现我国新能源材料的跨越发展。

New energy materials are an important element for the strategic emerging industries and they are also important concerning economic and social development as well as national security. In this paper, we summarize the development status of the key materials for lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells in China and abroad and analyze the problems of China’s new energy materials industry,which include shortage of original innovation, insecure industry chain of key strategic materials, low self-sufficiency rate of high end products, insufficient self-supply of high-end applications, and lack of platforms for collaboration among production, education,research, and application. The development trends of the key materials industry are also prospected. In view of the development requirements by 2025 and 2035, we expound the development ideas for the new energy materials regarding the lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells and elaborate the development goals and key tasks. To achieve leapfrog development, China should improve top-level planning and enhance its support policies for innovation-driven development to foster competitive enterprises. It also should establish a production and application demonstration platform and strengthen talent training.