我国化学纤维产量居全球首位，是国民经济支柱产业，当前化学纤维产业发展仍存在突出问题，亟需加快提升先进纤维材料产业的发展，带动化学纤维产业和纺织行业的高质量发展。本文围绕化学纤维中的差别化功能纤维、高性能纤维、生物基纤维三类先进纤维材料，分析了我国先进纤维材料的发展现状、面临挑战以及发展趋势。在此基础上，面向未来需求，凝练了我国先进纤维材料产业今后发展的重点任务为突破关键核心技术形成标志性产品、提升智能制造水平、加强自主创新能力建设、加强科技人才队伍建设。本文从加强产业发展战略研究、完善产业科技创新体系建设、加强科学技术的支撑与引领作用、支持骨干企业国际化以及统筹发展等方面提出了发展建议，以期为推动我国纤维材料产业高质量发展提供理论参考。

China’s chemical fiber volume ranks first in the world and is a pillar industry of the national economy. However, there are still prominent problems regarding the development of the chemical fiber industry and promoting the advanced fundamental fiber materials has become the key to the high-quality development of the chemical fiber and textile industries. This study focuses on three types of advanced fiber materials: differential fiber, high-performance fiber, and bio-based fiber. The status, challenges, and development trends of the advanced fiber materials in China are analyzed. On this basis, the key tasks for the future development of the advanced fiber materials are summarized, including developing key technologies to form representative products, improving the intelligent manufacturing level, strengthening the independent innovation capacity, and enhancing the training of scientific and technological talents. This study also proposes development suggestions from the aspects of industrial development strategy, scientific and technological innovation system, the role of science and technology, internationalization of key enterprises, and coordinated development, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for the high-quality development of China’s fiber materials industry.