海洋科学装备是知海、用海、护海的重要基础。本文从深入认知海洋、合理利用海洋、积极保护海洋、有效管控海洋四方面对我国海洋科学装备的需求进行了剖析，系统梳理了世界海洋强国在海气界面观测装备、水下移动式观测装备、海底观测网络系统等海洋科学观测平台领域的发展现状，总结了未来海洋科学装备的发展趋势；阐述了我国在海洋遥感卫星、海洋科考船、海洋深潜器、海底观测网络等海洋科学装备领域取得的进展，对标国际先进水平分析了通用技术、核心装备、集成系统等方面存在的差距与不足。研究提出了适合国情的发展建议，包括基础理论研究和关键技术突破、新型海洋科学装备研发和成果转换、海洋科学装备共享机制和综合服务平台、国际合作机制和标准体系建立，以期为海洋科学装备更好服务于国家海洋强国战略实施提供方向参考。

Marine scientific equipment is an essential tool for better understanding oceans, and it is also the foundation for exploiting and protecting oceans. This study analyzes the urgent requirements for developing highly efficient marine scientific equipment in China from four aspects, including understanding oceans, exploring oceans, protecting oceans, and maintaining ocean rights and interests. In addition, it provides reviews on the state-of-the-art techniques associated with the marine scientific observation platforms, namely air–sea interface observation platform, mobile underwater observation platform, and seafloor observation network system, in the countries that are believed to lead the field, and the development trends associated therewith are then identified. The remarkable achievements obtained in marine scientific equipment in China are presented such as the marine remote-sensing satellites, marine research ships, deep-diving submersibles, and seafloor observation networks. By comparing to the international advanced level, the issues China encountered in the general technologies, core equipment, and integrated system of marine scientific equipment are given. Several key development suggestions associated with the marine scientific equipment development in China are provided in terms of basic theories and key technologies, novel equipment development and achievement conversion, sharing mechanism and service platform, as well as international cooperation and standard system establishment, enabling the marine scientific equipment to better serve the implementation of the national marine power strategy.