当前极地地区的战略地位日益凸显，极地资源开发与利用成为国际社会关注的焦点，而极地装备是科学认知极地、合 理开发利用极地资源的基础保障。极地装备主要包括极地科学装备、极地船舶装备、极地资源开发装备等三大类。针对此三 类装备，本文梳理了国外极地装备技术的发展态势，分析了我国极地装备的发展现状及存在的差距与问题，研判了极地装备 的发展趋势与关键技术，总结了我国极地装备技术领域的发展战略。针对我国极地科学装备不足且冰下观测能力有限、极地 船舶能力建设缺乏以及极地资源开发装备研发设计能力欠缺等问题，从建设北极环境观测与通信导航装备、攻克极地航行船 舶关键技术、发展极地资源勘探关键装备 3 个方面提出了我国面向 2035 年的极地装备重点发展方向及对策建议，以期为 21 世纪下半叶极地夏季商业航线的大规模开发提供装备和技术研究支持。

The polar regions are now becoming strategically important. The exploitation of polar resources is becoming the focus of international community’s attention. Polar equipment is the guarantee for humans to scientifically understand and sustainably exploit the polar resources; they primarily include equipment for scientific observation, navigation, and oil and gas exploitation in the polar regions. This study first summarizes the development of polar equipment in various countries, and the development status and problems of the polar equipment in China. Then, it analyzes the development trend and key technologies of polar equipment. China does not possess sufficient polar scientific equipment and its under-ice observation capacity is not strong. China also lacks the capacities for building polar vessels and the research and design capacities for polar resource development equipment. To promote the development of polar equipment by 2035, China should promote the Arctic environment observation, communication, and navigation technologies, make breakthroughs in key technologies regarding polar vessels, and develop key equipment for polar resource exploration, hoping to support the commercial development of the polar summer routes for the second half of the 21st century.