我国海上风电资源丰富，且靠近东部沿海经济发达省份，就地消纳优势巨大，发展海上风电有助于加快我国能源转型进程，助力2030 年碳达峰、2060 年碳中和目标的实现。本文在分析我国能源发展现状、趋势和面临挑战的基础上，指出发展海上风电是我国能源结构转型的重要战略支撑。从风电机组、海上输电、海洋工程和运维技术等四个领域归纳提炼了我国海上风电发展的关键技术。针对目前我国海上风电产业发展面临的诸多瓶颈问题，从海上风电资源勘查与评估、提高能源转型认识、宏观统筹与整体规划、科技创新、政策扶持机制等五方面提出了促进我国海上风电产业健康有序发展的对策与建议，以期为我国海上风电高质量发展和政府有关部门决策提供参考。

China is rich in offshore wind power resources, and these resources can be locally consumed by the economically developed provinces located in the eastern coastal region. The development of offshore wind power can accelerate the energy transition in China and help achieve carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. In this article, we analyze the current situation, trends, and challenges of energy development in China, and propose that the development of offshore wind power is an important strategic support for the energy structure transformation in China. The key technologies of offshore wind power development in China are summarized including wind turbine, offshore power transmission, offshore engineering, and operation and maintenance technologies. In view of the bottleneck problems restricting the development of China’s offshore wind power industry, we propose some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the healthy and orderly development of China’s offshore wind power industry from five aspects: exploration and evaluation of offshore wind power resources, understanding of energy transition, overall planning and integrated planning, scientific and technological innovation, and policy support mechanism.