农业大数据与信息化基础设施是发展现代农业的重要基础、新时期农业增长新的要素、建设智慧农业的根本前提，起着桥梁和基石的重要作用。本文基于智慧农业发展战略需求与挑战，系统分析了我国农业大数据与信息化基础设施的发展现状、存在问题，总结了国内外相关政策、行动计划和经验做法，研究提出了 2025、 2035 年、 2050 年发展农业大数据与农业信息化基础设施的战略目标和发展思路，绘制了未来发展技术路线图。研究提出，推进农业全产业链大数据发展，科学规范农业大数据体系建设，建设一体化的数据开放共享机制；突破农业大数据关键共性技术，深化农业大数据应用；建设农业大数据产业基地，打造农业大数据的应用生态集群；统筹城乡资源，建设城乡一体的信息化基础设施，构建万物互联、人机交互、天空地海一体化的农业农村网络空间。为此建议，强化总体布局，加强农村网络基础设施建设和数字化改造，加强芯片、模型组件、基础信息系统等底盘性基础研发；加大核心技术攻关投入，突破农业大数据获取、分析、服务关键核心共性的卡脖子技术；加强体制机制协同创新，打通农业数据纵横双向通道标准化和一体化共享；强化高水平信息化人才队伍建设，为加快实现智慧农业强国提供基础支撑。

Agricultural big data and information infrastructure are important foundations for modern agriculture, prerequisites for smart agriculture, and new elements of agricultural growth in the new era. In this article, we analyze the development status and existing problems of China’s agricultural big data and information infrastructure considering the strategic needs and challenges of smart agriculture development; summarize the relevant policies, action plans, and experiences in China and abroad; propose the strategic objectives of developing agricultural big data and information infrastructure in 2025, 2035, and 2050; and devise the future development technology roadmap. In the future, big data development should be promoted in the entire agricultural industry chain and the construction of the agricultural big data system needs to be standardized by building an integrated data sharing mechanism. Breakthroughs achieved in key common technologies can expand the application of agricultural big data. Agricultural big data industry bases are required for creating application clusters of agricultural big data. An urban–rural integrated information infrastructure needs to be built by coordinating urban and rural resources, and an agricultural cyberspace that features interconnection of everything, human–computer interaction, and sky–space–earth–sea integration is expected to be created. From the policy aspect, China should strengthen the overall planning to improve its rural network infrastructure and the digital transformation of traditional infrastructure, along with promoting the basic research and development of chips, model components, and basic information systems. Moreover, it should focus on core technologies such as agricultural big data acquisition, analysis, and service; strengthen the collaborative innovation of systems and mechanisms to achieve standardization and integrated sharing of agricultural data; and build a high-level talent team to provide basic support for developing smart agriculture in China.