氢燃料电池是实现氢能转换为电能利用的关键载体，在碳中和、碳达峰目标提出后，获得了基础研究与产业应用层面新的高度关注。本文围绕氢燃料电池技术体系，较为全面地分析了质子交换膜、电催化剂、气体扩散层等膜电极组件，双极板，系统部件，控制策略等方面的研究进展与发展态势；结合我国氢燃料电池技术领域国产化率、系统寿命、功率密度、制造成本等方面的发展现状分析，论证提出了面向2035 年我国氢燃料电池技术系统发展方向。研究认为，为加速氢能及氢燃料电池技术应用，应加强制氢技术攻关，降低氢气燃料使用成本；加快关键材料和核心组件的技术攻关和转化应用；制定产业规划并增加投入，构建完备的政策支撑体系。

Hydrogen fuel cell is a key element for conversing hydrogen energy into electric power and has attracted increasing attention from the aspects of basic research and industrial application following the proposal of carbon neutral and carbon peaking. Focusing mainly on the hydrogen fuel cell technology system, we analyze the research progress and development trends of membrane electrode components (such as proton exchange membranes, electrocatalysts, and gas diffusion layers), bipolar plates, system components, and control strategies. Subsequently, we propose the development directions of the hydrogen fuel cell technology system by 2035, following the analysis of the development status of the hydrogen fuel cell technology in China in terms of localization rate, system lifetime, power density, and manufacturing cost. To accelerate the application of hydrogen energy and hydrogen fuel cell technology, we suggest that research on hydrogen production technology should be strengthened to reduce the cost of hydrogen fuel, the technological research and application of key materials and core components should be accelerated, and industrial plans with increased investment should be formulated to establish a complete policy support system.