海上风电是世界风电未来发展的重要方向，经济高效地解决大规模海上风电并网问题是海上风电建设面临的核心挑战之一。本文总结了世界海上风电的发展现状、我国海上风电发展环境及行业进展，归纳了海上风电的全球性发展趋势；从海上风电场单场典型并网、大规模海上风电集群送出两类典型情景出发，梳理了相关技术特征及其代表性应用。在凝练我国海上风电并网送出面临问题的基础上，提出了我国海上风电并网的整体发展策略，并就两类典型情景的送出方案开展适应性分析和评价。研究建议，摸清资源储量、确定统一规划理念，加强自主创新、突破并网关键技术，完善体制机制、确保高质量发展，加强国际交流、促进国际产业合作，以此谋划和建设一流水平、契合国情的海上风电并网送出工程，更好支撑我国能源转型发展。

Offshore wind power is an important direction of global wind power development. Economical and efficient grid connection of large-scale offshore wind power is a core challenge faced by offshore wind power construction in China. This article first summarizes the development status of offshore wind power in China and abroad and the global development trends. Subsequently, it elaborates the technical characteristics and representative applications of two typical scenarios: grid connection of single offshore wind farms and transmission of large-scale offshore wind power clusters. After analyzing the challenges faced by the grid connection and transmission of offshore wind power in China, we propose an overall development strategy and conduct adaptability analysis on the grid connection and transmission schemes under the aforementioned scenarios. To build first-class offshore wind power grid connection and transmission projects that adapt to China’s national conditions and to promote energy transformation, we propose that China should conduct unified planning after verifying its national resource reserves of offshore wind power; strengthen independent innovation to break through the key technologies; improve the supporting mechanism to ensure high quality development of offshore wind power; and promote international industrial cooperation.