智能制造成为现代制造发展的必然趋势，既是“中国制造 2025”的主攻方向，也是我国制造业由大到强的必由之路。开展关于智能制造突破瓶颈的研究，对于推动制造业高质量发展、加快工业转型升级具有积极意义，也是践行“四个面向”的重要举措。本文系统梳理了我国智能制造发展实践，从智能制造战略布局、项目试点示范、产业集聚区分布、发展阶段研判等维度对其基本特征进行总结，深入剖析了发展过程中存在的问题。研究发现，现行的支持智能制造发展的部分标准、政策、技术、人才、财税等已不能适应新时期发展要求，在“十四五”时期，有必要从政策标准、核心技术、支撑要素等方面精准施策，以推动智能制造高质量发展。具体而言，应加强顶层设计，完善政策标准体系；强化战略布局，突破关键核心技术；健全制度保障，强化关键要素支撑。

Intelligent manufacturing has become the inevitable development trend of modern manufacturing; it is the main direction of the China Manufacturing 2025 plan and the only way for China’s manufacturing industry to develop from large to strong. Studying the breakthrough paths of intelligent manufacturing is significant for promoting the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry and accelerating industrial transformation and upgrading. It is also an important measure to practice the “four orientations”. In this article, we study the development practice of intelligent manufacturing in China, and summarize its basic characteristics from the dimensions of strategic layout, pilot demonstration, industrial agglomeration, and determination of development stages. Meanwhile, we investigate the problems existing in the development process. Currently, some of the standards, policies, technologies, talents, finance, and taxation for intelligent manufacturing can no longer meet the development requirements of the new era. Targeted measures focusing on policy standards, core technologies, and supporting elements are required for promoting the high-quality development of intelligent manufacturing during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Specifically, China should strengthen the top-level design to improve its policy and standards system, optimize strategic layout to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies, and improve the institutional guarantee and support of key elements.