铜及铜基材料以其优异的力学、功能和工艺综合性能而广泛应用于电力电子、汽车、机械制造以及航空、航天、通信、集成电路等高技术制造领域。我国是世界上最大的铜材生产国和消费国，广阔的应用市场使先进铜基材料拥有良好发展前景。本文在综述铜加工行业宏观环境和发展概况的基础上，分析了我国铜基材料发展取得的成绩和不足，深层次剖析了我国铜加工产业“大而不强”的原因，重点梳理了我国高强导电铜合金材料、高性能电子铜箔、耐蚀铜合金、耐磨铜合金、铜基热管理材料、特殊用途铜材和新能源用铜材的发展现状、存在问题及未来发展趋势。面向重大应用需求布局前沿方向，推动我国先进铜基材料的进一步发展，研究提出了形成有效的“产学研用”互动机制，建立国家铜基材料产业和技术发展协调平台等发展建议。

Copper and copper-based materials are widely applied to power electronics, automobile, and mechanical manufacturing as well as to high-tech manufacturing fields such as aeronautics, astronautics, telecommunications, and integrated circuits owing to their comprehensive advantages in mechanical, functional, and processing properties. As China is the greatest producer and consumer of milled copper products in the world, advanced copper-based materials are envisioned with a bright prospect in China owing to a vast Chinese market. Starting from a general description of the macrostructure and status quo of China's copper milling industry, the strengths and weaknesses of material-related development are analyzed. The development status, existing problems, and future development trend of high-strength conductive copper alloy, high-performance electronic copper foils, wear- and corrosion-resistant copper alloys, copper-based thermal management materials, and copper materials for special purposes and new energy in China are emphatically reviewed. Development ideas and suggestions are proposed including laying out frontier directions for major application needs, forming an effective interaction mechanism among production, education, research, and application, and establishing a national industrial and technological development coordination platform for copper-based materials.