航运业的迅猛发展使得传统船舶的能耗与环境问题日益显现，氨氢动力海上船舶将成为未来海洋交通运载工具的重要发展方向，从而有助于完成“双碳”目标任务和应对国际海事组织温室气体减排战略导向。本文研判了氨氢动力海上船舶的发展需求并全面梳理了国际发展现状，系统分析了氨氢动力海上船舶的关键技术体系，涵盖安全防护、燃料加注、氨重整制氢、海上船舶氨氢动力、可再生能源制氢、基于可再生能源的合成氨工艺、有害污染物排放处理；立足国情，论证提出了我国氨氢动力船舶的阶段性发展目标、上/中/下游的产业发展要素。研究建议，开展氨氢燃料供应体系、氨氢动力海上船舶基础设施建设等专项规划，加强支持性服务设施的维护，尽快积累工程化经验，为后续大规模产业链及基础设施建设提供依据，稳健推动氨氢动力海上船舶产业创新发展。

The rapid development of the shipping industry has made energy consumption and environmental problems of traditional ships increasingly prominent. Considering the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals and the Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, ammonia-hydrogen powered marine ships will become an important development direction for waterway transportation vehicles. This study explores the demand for and the international development status of ammonia-hydrogen powered marine ships and analyzes the key technologies, involving ship safety, fuel filling, hydrogen production from ammonia reforming, power production from ammonia and hydrogen, hydrogen production from renewable energy, ammonia synthesis based on renewable energy, and treatment of harmful pollutant discharge. Moreover, staged goals and upper/mid/lower-stream industrial elements are examined based on China's national conditions. To promote the sustainable and innovative development of ammonia-hydrogen powered marine ships in China, we propose the following suggestions: (1) implementing special plans for an ammonia and hydrogen fuel supply system and the infrastructure construction of ammonia-hydrogen powered marine ships, (2) strengthening the maintenance of supportive service facilities, and (3) accumulating engineering experience to provide support for the subsequent large-scale industrial chain and infrastructure construction.