我国人口老龄化严重，医疗需求持续攀升，加之医疗资源分布尚不均衡，对医疗保障能力建设提出重大挑战。将人工智能（AI）与机器人技术运用于人类医学健康领域，将为医生、研究者、患者提供理论与诊疗方面的创新支持，有助于提升诊疗效果、降低医疗成本、促进医疗资源均衡分布。本文从手术机器人、康复和护理机器人、辅助远程医疗、医学 AI 4个方面出发，提炼了 AI与机器人在医学领域中的典型应用，梳理了 AI与机器人辅助医学发展现状和政策情况。在对我国 AI与机器人辅助医学发展面临挑战的认知基础上，阐述了阶段性发展目标，指出了未来重点发展方向：迈向差异化、小型化、智能化的手术机器人，坚持以人为本的康复和护理机器人，多任务与高临场感的辅助远程医疗，促进医疗健康创新的医学 AI。研究建议，确定具有前景的手术机器人研究方向，开展手术机器人核心部件国产化，探索适合国情的商业化模式，提高产品应用的覆盖率，注重专业化人才队伍建设，实施以临床需求为导向的技术创新，加强监管以减少医疗事故并保障数据隐私，以此促进我国 AI与机器人辅助医学领域的高质量发展。

China is facing significant challenges in healthcare owing to a severe aging population, continuously increasing healthcare demands, and uneven distribution of healthcare resources. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in the human medical and health field can provide innovative support in theory and diagnosis for surgeons, researchers, and patients, contributing to improved clinical outcomes, reduced medical costs, and the promotion of balanced distribution of healthcare resources. This paper starts from four aspects: surgical robots, rehabilitation and nursing robots, assisted telemedicine, and medical AI, extracts the typical applications of AI and robots in the medical field, assesses the current status of AI and robotics in medicine, and evaluates pertinent policies, laws, and regulatory frameworks. Based on the understanding of the challenges faced in the development of AI and robotics in medicine in China, it delineates phased development goals and identifies future key directions: advancing toward differentiated, miniaturized, and intelligent surgical robotics; emphasizing patient-centered rehabilitation and nursing robotics; achieving multi-tasking and high situational awareness in assisted telemedicine; and promoting medical AI for healthcare innovation. This paper suggests determining promising research directions for surgical robotics, promoting domestic production of core components, exploring commercially viable models that align with national conditions, expanding the coverage of product applications, focusing on the development of specialized talent pools, implementing technology innovation driven by clinical demands, and strengthening regulations to reduce medical accidents and safeguard data privacy. These measures are expected to foster high-quality development of AI and robotics in medicine in China.