在严酷的国际化竞争形势下，如何把国有企业做强、做久，是每一位国企领导者需要研究回答的问题。文章论述了企业管理中“人”和“制”这两个要素及其内涵的辨证关系，进而将其概括为“人制管理”的理念。文章指出，把国企做强，就要依靠人才，依靠科技创新，不断提升国企的核心竞争力；把国企做久，成为长寿企业，就要依靠制度创新。“用能人”是把国企做强、做久的关键；“建新制” 则是把国企做强、做久的保证。文章阐述了中国航天科工集团公司贯彻“人制管理”理念的实践情况和效果。

It is a great challenge facing all leaders of state-owned enterprises (SOE) of how to enhance the competitiveness and viability of the enterprises in the severe international competition. In this paper, two key elements in the enterprise management——“personnel” and “systems” are discussed, the dialectical relationship of their essence is studied, and thus the “personnel and systems management” idea is developed. Talents and scientific & technological innovations are critical to the core competitiveness of the state-owned enterprises; as for the viability, there is no choice but system innovations. “Choosing qualified persons” is key to ensuring the competitiveness and viability of the state-owned enterprises and “establishing a new systems” is the basis. The efforts of China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation in carrying out the “Personnel and systems management” idea and the results are elaborated in this paper.