21世纪生物资源的匮乏和生态环境的恶化将严重影响我国国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，发展蓝色农业——海水养殖业必将为我国2030年预计达到的16亿人口的食物安全问题的解决作出应有的贡献。新世纪我国蓝色农业的发展趋势是生态养殖和工程养殖，其关键的策略在于：立足基础研究，强化高新技术转化；实施良种工程，不断推出养殖新良种；从平衡沿岸各产业的需求出发，调整现有养殖区养殖结构、规模与布局；集成现代生物和工程技术，实施潮上带和陆地生态工程养殖；以养殖生态学理论和现代工程技术为基础，大力发展浅海离岸设施渔业；从改善我国人口食物营养结构出发，促进水产品加工业的发展。

The increasing deterioration of the ecological and environmental conditions and the shortage of biological resources foreseen in the 21st century would pose a serious problem to China's economic development and retard the raising of the standard of living of its people. Mariculture, as a blue agriculture, which promises food from the sea is deemed to play a critical role in providing guarantee of safe food source to feed the 1.6 billion Chinese people in the new century. The course of development of blue agriculture would be approached through ecological and engineering aquaculture involving key strategies as： enhancing basic research as foothold while accelerating the application of high technology to attain rapid turnover of products; conducting “refine species project” aimed at producing high — quality breeds; overall restructuring of present mariculture sites to regulate their size and distribution to rationally balance the needs and demands among the various coastal mariculture industries; using modern biological and engineering technology to practise upper tidal zone and terrestrial ecological engineering aquaculture; with theoretical ecological aquaculture as basis, applying modern engineering technology to make use of offshore areas for developing the. “ facilities fisheries” ； promoting fishery products processing industry to ameliorate the nutritional intake structure of the people.