回顾了海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradians）引种的社会与学术背景、引种、产业化和种质复壮等过程，探讨了引种工程的经济、社会效益及其产生的综合效应。20世纪70年代末，为了缓解我国黄渤海海域养殖业面临滑坡的态势，我们选定并引进了美国的海湾扇贝。在实现人工繁育技术系列化和养殖过程全人工化的基础，世界上第一个海湾扇贝养殖业从此成为我国浅海养殖的支柱产业之一。引种工程在东海和南海也得以拓展且颇见成效。养殖群体的种质复壮，为该产业持续发展奠定了“种质”基础。尚未发现海湾扇贝在中国海形成自然种群，表明该项引种工程不会对本地种的种质和资源造成负影响。其生态环境效应主要体现在因产生大量生物性沉积而导致的自身污染，但与近年的栉孔扇贝大规模死亡并无直接的因果关系。该项引种工程瞄准了国家需求，产生了巨大经济、社会效益，提高了我国贝类研究在国际上的地位。海湾扇贝引种工程意义重大，前景广阔，并将产生持续、深远的综合效应。

In this paper, the social and academic background of introducing the bay scallop Argopecten ir-radians and the processes of the introduction, industrialization and restoration of germplasm are reviewed, its economic and social benefits and effects on the resource of native species, ecology and´ environment of farming areas are discussed, and prospects of the introduction engineering are forecasted. In the late 1970s, to relieve the decline in Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea mariculture industry, the U.S. bay scallop was introduced as a restorative measure. On the basis of the development of a series of successful artificial breeding and grow-out technology, the world s first scallop culture industry had its footing in China´s shallow sea regions. The bay scallop transplants in the South China Sea and East China Sea also showed satisfactory results. The restoration of germplasm to cultured stock of bay scallop brought about the sustainable development of the scallop culture industry.

The natural bay scallop populations have not been found in the farming areas of China, so there is no hazard of adverse effects of bioinvasion. The ecological and environmental effects of introduction engineering are the large-scale biodeposition where it is farmed, resulting in self-pollution. However this has no direct relationship with the incidence of mass mortality of Chlamys farreri reported in recent years. Above all, the introduction engineering of the bay scallop, targeted to meet the national socio-economic needs, has brought about immense socio-economic benefits, and uplifted the international status of China´s shellfish research. It is expected that the introduction engineering of the bay scallop has bright prospects of its sustainable development as an industry and will bring about profound and lasting benefits to the country ´s marine economic development.