在不少场合下，航天用工程材料处在极端条件下工作，这就对材料提出许多特殊的要求，虽然国内外有一定的研究积累，但对更精确的模型和符合特定材料的损伤的状态方程，有待深一步研究。如高级弹头再入时气动加热和粒子云侵蚀以及两者耦合效应引起弹头防护材料增大后退量的问题；空中垃圾和微流星的高速碰撞对航天器的威胁；特别是核爆和激光武器对材料的损伤和破坏，实质上是辐射引起的热击波层裂破坏，这些都属于超高速碰撞对材料的响应问题。天线罩材料、吸波材料、红外隐身材料、电磁屏蔽材料都是具有不同波长电磁波的电磁功能材料，它们对固体介质的穿透、吸收、反射等会产生响应，不同的电磁功能材料，其宏观性能的物理参量不同，但有几个参量是通用的，如介电常数、磁导率和损耗角正切，搞清这些参量与材料微观结构的关系，可以为材料设计和材料创新提供科学依据。

On a lot of occasons in aerospace engineering, materials work in extreme situastions. Specific characteristics of materials are therefore required. Although some achievements have been accumulated in material research at home and abroad, deeper investigations are still needed on a more precise model and state equation corresponding to the damage of a specific material. These will include the aerodynamic heating of the advanced warhead reentering the atmosphere and the erosion of the space articles as well as the increase of the retreat value of the protection material caused by the coupling effect of both, the threat to space vehicles caused by high speed collision of space junk and micrometeors, and, in particular the damage and destruction caused by nuclear explosion and laser weapon which in fact is and the delamination caused by thermal shock waves of actual radiation. All of these belong to the response of materials to high speed collision.Electromagnetic materials such as radome material, infrared stealth material and EM shielding material are all EM functioning materials with EM wave of different lengths. As solid substances, they will respond to penetration, absorb and reflection. Different EM functioning materials possess different macroproperties of physical parameters. However, several parameters are general, such as dielectric constant, permeability and tangent of loss angle. Clear understanding of the relations among these parameters and the microstructures of materials will provide a scientific basis for materials design and innovation.