工程泥沙设计是国际多沙河流水利枢纽面临的共性技术难题。作为典型的多沙河流水库，古贤水利枢纽是完善黄河水沙调控体系、推动黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的里程碑工程，妥善处理泥沙问题对工程开发至关重要。本文在深入分析三门峡、小浪底等已建多沙河流水库工程设计运行经验和教训的基础上，立足古贤水利枢纽面临的水沙特点及形势，针对工程泥沙设计需满足的长时序水沙耦合设计、淤积形态主动控制、库容动态韧性保持等设计需求，以“动态调控”设计理念为引领，研发超深超大泄流能力排沙底孔设计、动态泥沙侵蚀基准面及动库容设计、“三槽”淤积形态与库容分布协同设计及“蓄清调浑”运用方式等关键技术，形成了“形态控制 ‒ 过程调控 ‒ 动态响应”的多沙河流“水沙共治”技术体系，显著提升了古贤水利枢纽对极端水沙丰枯组合的适应性，对增强黄河水沙调控和水资源调蓄能力、实现黄河下游长治久安意义重大，同时，为国内外多沙河流水库工程泥沙问题处理提供技术新范式。

Engineering sediment design is a common technical challenge faced by the water conservancy hubs in sediment-laden rivers worldwide. As a typical reservoir in the sediment-laden river, the Guxian Water Conservancy Project is a milestone project in improving the Yellow River water and sediment regulation system and implementing the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Proper handling of engineering sediment issues is crucial for the project development. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the design and regulation experiences from existing water conservancy projects in sediment-laden rivers such as Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi Reservoir, this study focuses on the characteristics and changing trend of the incoming water and sediment of the Guxian Water Conservancy. In response to the design requirements in engineering sediment design, including the coupling design of long-term water and sediment series, active control of sedimentation morphology, and dynamic resilience maintenance of effective reservoir capacities, dynamic regulation is used as the guide of engineering sediment design. And several key technologies are developed, including the design of sediment-discharge bottom holes with ultra-deep and ultra-large discharge capacities, design of dynamic sediment erosion base level and capacity, coupling design between three sediment deposition patterns and dynamic storage capacity, and operation mode of storing clean water and regulating muddy flow. A water-sediment co-treatment technology system for sediment-laden rivers that features morphology control, process regulation, and dynamic response is formed. Moreover, the adaptability of Guxian Water Conservancy is improved to the extreme incoming water and sediment combinations, which is of great significance for enhancing the water-sediment regulation and water resource storage capacities of the Yellow River, and achieving the long-term stability in the lower reach of the Yellow River. Meanwhile, it provides a new technological paradigm for the treatment of engineering sediment problems in reservoirs of sediment-laden river.