企业非二氧化碳温室气体信息披露进展及展望
Information Disclosure of Corporate Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Progress and Prospects
非CO2温室气体(简称“非二”)因较高的全球增温潜势而对全球温升产生了较大的贡献量,相应控排是全球性的重大挑战;企业是控制温室气体排放的责任主体,开展包括“非二”在内的温室气体信息披露是基础性工作。本文分析了“非二”排放与CO2排放的差异性、“非二”信息披露的内容需求,梳理了“非二”信息披露相关的国际政策与行动并总结了国外代表性行业企业的实践特点;从制度建设、企业实践两方面阐述了我国企业温室气体信息披露现状,认为我国企业“非二”信息披露处于起步阶段,面临制度缺位、技术短板、成本效益失衡、行业分化等一系列挑战。展望我国企业“非二”信息披露,可在加快制度与监管体系建设、完善“非二”减排的市场化机制、强化科技支撑与产业创新能力、促进行业自律与企业自主行动协同发力、提升国际影响力与话语权等方面采取切实行动,以深化企业“非二”信息披露的理论、方法与实践,推动企业从被动合规转向主动治理并构建可持续发展新范式。
Non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases (hereinafter referred to as non-CO2 GHG) have made a significant contribution to global temperature rise due to their high global warming potentials, and the corresponding emission control has become a major global challenge. Enterprises serve as the primary responsible entities for controlling greenhouse gas emissions, and information disclosure of greenhouse gases including non-CO2 GHG is a fundamental work. This study analyzes the differences between non-CO2 GHG and CO2 emissions, as well as the content requirements for non-CO2 GHG information disclosure. It sorts out international policies and actions related to non-CO2 GHG information disclosure and summarizes the practical characteristics of representative industries and enterprises. Moreover, the study elaborates on the current situation of greenhouse gas information disclosure by enterprises of China from two aspects: institutional construction and enterprise practice, and holds that the non-CO2 GHG information disclosure by Chinese enterprises is in its initial stage, facing a series of challenges such as institutional absence, technical shortcomings, unbalanced cost-effectiveness, and industry differentiation. Looking ahead, practical actions can be taken in the following aspects: accelerating the construction of institutional and regulatory systems, improving the market-oriented mechanism for non-CO2 GHG emission reduction, strengthening scientific and technological support and industrial innovation capabilities, promoting the synergy between industry self-discipline and independent corporate actions, and enhancing international influence. These measures aim to deepen the theories, methods, and practices related to non-CO2 GHG information disclosure of enterprises, promote enterprises to shift from passive compliance to active governance, and build a new paradigm of sustainable development.
非CO2温室气体 / 企业 / 信息披露 / 市场化机制 / 国际规则 / 可持续发展
non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases / enterprise / information disclosure / market-oriented mechanism / international rules / sustainable development
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中国工程院咨询项目“‘双碳’战略目标下甲烷管控工程科技发展路径研究”(2025-XZ-53)
国家自然科学基金项目(72088101)
国家自然科学基金项目(72374175)
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