环境工程微生物技术与产业发展研究
杨旭楠 , 刘丛竹 , 宋仲戬 , 吴清平 , 刘东风 , 俞汉青 , 许玫英
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3) : 175 -191.
环境工程微生物技术与产业发展研究
Development of Microbial Technology and Industry in Environmental Engineering
环境工程微生物技术是生态文明建设的重要技术支撑。本文通过系统的横向对比评述,深入剖析了环境工程微生物技术在水处理、土壤修复、废气治理、固体废物处置以及通用技术等领域的研究进展与核心技术路径;研判了环境工程微生物技术的发展趋势,即在微生物代谢调控、功能载体创新及合成生物学等关键技术的驱动下,从经验应用到理性设计范式,从单一功能菌剂到协同微生物群落,从局部修复到系统级优化;梳理了环境工程微生物产业的发展环境与发展现状,剖析了我国产业发展在政策驱动、市场格局、技术瓶颈等方面面临的挑战。为推动我国环境工程微生物技术及产业的高质量发展、加快产业化应用,研究建议,加强基础研究,着重发展基于多组学技术的功能菌群设计、智能材料介导的微生物菌剂精准投递以及数字孪生系统促进的动态过程优化等技术方向;构建“技术 ‒ 产业 ‒ 市场”协同创新体系,推动从技术突破到产业落地的全链条发展。
Microbial technologies in environmental engineering are vital for the construction of ecological civilization. This study provides a comparative analysis of research progresses and core technological pathways in four major fields: water treatment, soil remediation, waste gas treatment, and solid waste disposal. It highlights the profound transformation of the field, driven by key technological breakthroughs such as microbial metabolism regulation, functional carrier innovation, and synthetic biology applications, evolving from empirical processes to rational design paradigms, from single-strain inoculants to synergistic microbial consortia, and from localized remediation to system-level optimization. Meanwhile, it analyzes the policy drivers, market landscape, and technical bottlenecks constraining industrial development in China. To foster high-quality development and accelerate industrial applications, the study proposes future directions including the design of functional microbial communities using multi-omics, precise delivery of microbial agents via smart materials, and dynamic process optimization through digital twin systems. It also discusses strategies for building a collaborative innovation system across the technologies, industry, and market, aiming to forge a full-chain path from technological breakthroughs to industrial applications.
环境工程 / 微生物技术 / 水处理 / 土壤修复 / 废气处理 / 固体废物处置
environmental engineering / microbial technology / water treatment / soil remediation / waste gas treatment / solid waste disposal
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国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFA0910300)
中国工程院咨询项目“中国微生物安全与健康产业发展战略研究3”(2024-XBZD-13)
国家自然科学基金项目(U24A20637)
广东省特殊支持计划杰出人才(2023JC07L096)
国家外国专家个人类项目(S类)(S20240268)
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