21世纪初，受应用需求的驱动，国内外对高端计算的研究与开发掀起了新一轮的热潮。分析了国外高端计算的发展现状及趋势，描述我国高端计算发展的总体状况及应用开发情况，介绍神威系列高性能计算机的主要技术特点和应用成果，探讨当前高端计算技术发展所面临的问题，并提出了发展我国高端计算事业的几点建议。

In the beginning of the 21st century, driven by application requirements, the research and development of HEC are getting a new upsurge both in China and abroad. This paper analyses the development status and trends of international HEC, describes the overall development and application status of HEC in China, introduces the major technical features and application achievements of Sunway series high-performance computers; discusses the problems faced by today's HEC technologies, and finally makes some suggestions on how to extend progress in the HEC industry in China.