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Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 142-147 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0357-7

摘要： The analysis of the failure mechanics, namely hydrogen permeation of vacuum insulated tubing (VIT), indicated that the failure of VIT could be decreased but could not be avoided. To solve this problem, some measures by using non-vacuum materials were proposed and analyzed in this paper. The results show that to fill the tubing with foam-glass beads or high pressure argon may lead to a good performance.

关键词： vacuum insulated tubing     cyclic steam stimulation     insulation material     thermal conductivity     foam-glass     hydrogen permeation    

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Facile strategy for carbon foam fabrication with lignin as sole feedstock and its applications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1051-1064 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2248-x

摘要： This research is a follow-up to our recent discovery of a facile strategy for directly converting lignin powder into carbon foam. In this work, we report that the thermal pretreatment parameters in air can remarkably influence the formation and properties of the derived carbon foam. Thermal pretreatment parameters (heating rate, temperature, and residence time) were systematically investigated and a conversion mechanism into carbon foam was proposed. During the thermal pretreatment, relatively low temperatures, low heating rates, and short residence time hindered the formation of smooth and well-connected structures in the carbon foam. The overall product yields were similar regardless of the thermal pretreatment conditions. The densities of the different carbon foams ranged 0.27–0.83 g∙cm−3. The carbon foams with the highest compressive strengths (> 10 MPa) were KLPC280-2-5, KLPC300-0-5, and KLPC300-2-2.5. KLPC280-2-5 exhibited a high iodine sorption value (182 mg∙g−1). KLPC300-2-5 exhibited a specific capacitance of 158 F∙g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A∙g−1. The maximum evaporation rates in the solar vapor generation experiments were 1.05 and 1.38 kg∙m−2∙h−1 under 100 and 150 mW∙cm−2 irradiation, respectively. The good performances are attributed to the robust, porous, and continuous structure.

关键词： lignin     carbon foam     thermal pretreatment     solar vapor generation    

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Effect of IL-10 on formation of foam cell induced by ox-LDL

WANG Fei, DAI Yalei, XU Ting, XU Bo, WANG Kaifeng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 298-302 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0057-3

摘要： Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that causes various cardiovascular complications. It has been realized that cellular and humoral immunity plays crucial roles in atherogenic lesion formation. In this study the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on the formation of foam cells during the early stages of atherosclerosis have been investigated. Macrophage was induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment on THP-1 cells. The cells were further stimulated by ox-LDL, ox-LDL plus LPS, ox-LDL plus IL-10 and LPS. By using an oil red O staining technique, the formation of foam cells was evaluated by lipid granules formation in the cells. The ratio of foam cell formation was increased from (9.77 ± 1.70)% to (16.27 ± 2.27)% after 24 h stimulation with ox-LDL, and the increase was observed with incubating time. The foam cells were significantly increased in the presence of LPS in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum increase of about 40% was observed. However, the significant elevation by LPS was abrogated when IL-10 was added. These results indicated that IL-10 can effectively prevent the formation of foam cells induced by ox-LDL with or without LPS. This study demonstrates that ox-LDL can cause foam cell formation from macrophages . LPS can significantly accelerate this event. IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, can inhibit the effect of ox-LDL and LPS. These results indicate that inflammatory effects in blood vessels can speed up foam cell formation. The inhibitive effect of IL-10 is an important factor for delaying atherosclerosis processes.

关键词： inflammatory     presence     interleukin-10     dose-dependent     ox-LDL    

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Stability of three-dimensional printable foam concrete as function of surfactant characteristics

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 935-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0964-z

摘要： Extrudability is one of the most critical factors when designing three-dimensional printable foam concrete. The extrusion process likely affects the foam stability which necessitates the investigation into surfactant properties particularly for concrete mixes with high foam contents. Although many studies have been conducted on traditional foam concrete in this context, studies on three-dimensional printed foam concrete are scarce. To address this research gap, the effects of surfactant characteristics on the stability, extrudability, and buildability of three-dimensional printed foam concrete mixes with two design densities (1000 and 1300 kg/m3) using two different surfactants and stabilizers (synthetic-based sodium lauryl sulfate stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, and natural-based hingot surfactant stabilized with xanthan gum) were investigated in this study. Fresh density tests were conducted before and after the extrusion to determine stability of the foam concrete. The results were then correlated with surfactant qualities, such as viscosity and surface tension, to understand the importance of key parameters in three-dimensional printing of foam concrete. Based on the experimental results, surfactant solu1tion with viscosity exceeding 5 mPa·s and surface tension lower than 31 mN/m was recommended to yield stable three-dimensional printable foam concrete mixes. Nevertheless, the volume of foam in the mix significantly affected the printability characteristics. Unlike traditional foam concrete, the variation in the stabilizer concentration and density of concrete were found to have insignificant effect on the fresh-state-characteristics (slump, slump flow, and static yield stress) and air void microstructure of the stable mixes.

关键词： foam concrete     3D printable concrete     stability     rheology     air void microstructure    

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An investigation into the properties of ternary and binary cement pastes containing glass powder

Marcelo Frota BAZHUNI, Mahsa KAMALI, Ali GHAHREMANINEZHAD

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 741-750 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0511-5

摘要： The properties of binary and ternary cement pastes containing glass powder (GP) were examined. Hydration at early age was evaluated using semi-adiabatic calorimetry and at late ages using non-evaporable water content and thermogravimetric analysis. The transport characteristic was assessed by measuring electrical resistivity. The binary paste with slag showed the highest hydration activity compared to the binary pastes with GP and fly ash (FA). The results indicated that the pozzolanic behavior of the binary paste with GP was less than that of the binary pastes with slag or FA at late ages. An increase in the electrical resistivity and compressive strength of the binary paste with GP compared to other modified pastes at late ages was observed. It was shown that GP tends to increase the drying shrinkage of the pastes. Ternary pastes containing GP did not exhibit synergistic enhancements compared to the respective binary pastes.

关键词： cement paste     glass powder     pozzolanic reaction     supplementary cementitious material    

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The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第12期   页码 2127-2143 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2363-3

摘要： Foam trays with porous submerged orifices endow bubbles uniformly distributed, which are considered attractive column internals to enhance the gas-liquid mass transfer process. However, its irregular orifice and complex gas-liquid flow make it lack pore-scale investigations concerning the transfer mechanism of dynamic bubbling. In this work, the actual porous structure of the foam tray is obtained based on micro computed tomography technology. The shape, dynamic, and mass transfer of rising bubbles at porous orifices are investigated using the volume of fluid and continue surface force model. The results demonstrate that the liquid encroaching on the gas channels causes the increasing orifices velocity, which makes the trailing bubble easily detach from the midst of the leading bubble and causes pairing coalescence. Additionally, we found that the central breakup regimes significantly improve the gas-liquid interface area and mass transfer efficiency. This discovery exemplifies the mechanism of mass transfer intensification for foam trays and serves to promote its further development.

关键词： bubble formation     porous submerged orifices     process intensification     foam tray    

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Dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked chitosan foam with high adsorption capacity for removal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 853-866 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2256-x

摘要： The discharge of large amounts of dye-containing wastewater seriously threats the environment. Adsorbents have been adopted to remove these dyes present in the wastewater. However, the high adsorption capacity, predominant pH-responsibility, and excellent recyclability are three challenges to the development of efficient adsorbents. The poly(acryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride)-graft-dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystals were synthesized in our work. Subsequently, the cationic dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked chitosan nanocomposite foam was fabricated via freeze-drying of the hydrogel. Under the optimal ratio of the cationic dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal/chitosan (w/w) of 12/100, the resultant foam (Foam-12) possesses excellent absorption properties, such as high porosity, high content of active sites, strong acid resistance, and high amorphous region. Then, Foam-12 was applied as an eco-friendly adsorbent to remove acid red 134 (a representative of anionic dyes) from aqueous solutions. The maximum dye adsorption capacity of 1238.1 mg∙g‒1 is achieved under the conditions of 20 mg∙L‒1 adsorbents, 100 mg∙L‒1 dye, pH 3.5, 24 h, and 25 °C. The dominant adsorption mechanism for the anionic dye adsorption is electrostatic attraction, and Foam-12 can effectively adsorb acid red 134 at pH 2.5–5.5 and be desorbed at pH 8. Its easy recovery and good reusability are verified by the repeated acid adsorption–alkaline desorption experiments.

关键词： chitosan foam     cellulose nanocrystals     acid red 134     adsorption    

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Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses

Liangchi ZHANG,Weidong LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第1期   页码 3-17 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0408-3

摘要：

It is costly and time consuming to use machining processes, such as grinding, polishing and lapping, to produce optical glass lenses with complex features. Precision glass molding (PGM) has thus been developed to realize an efficient manufacture of such optical components in a single step. However, PGM faces various technical challenges. For example, a PGM process must be carried out within the super-cooled region of optical glass above its glass transition temperature, in which the material has an unstable non-equilibrium structure. Within a narrow window of allowable temperature variation, the glass viscosity can change from 105 to 1012 Pa·s due to the kinetic fragility of the super-cooled liquid. This makes a PGM process sensitive to its molding temperature. In addition, because of the structural relaxation in this temperature window, the atomic structure that governs the material properties is strongly dependent on time and thermal history. Such complexity often leads to residual stresses and shape distortion in a lens molded, causing unexpected changes in density and refractive index. This review will discuss some of the central issues in PGM processes and provide a method based on a manufacturing chain consideration from mold material selection, property and deformation characterization of optical glass to process optimization. The realization of such optimization is a necessary step for the Industry 4.0 of PGM.

关键词： precision glass molding     optical lens     constitutive modeling     optimization     manufacturing chain     Industry 4.0    

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Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 376-382 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0086-2

摘要： Pre-tensioned high strength trusses using alloy steel bar are widely used as glass wall supporting systems because of the high degree of transparency. The breakage of glass panes in this type of system occurs occasionally, likely to be due to error in design and analysis in addition to other factors like glass impurity and stress concentration around opening in a spider system. Most design does not consider the flexibility of supports from finite stiffness of supporting steel or reinforced concrete beams. The resistance of lateral wind pressure of the system makes use of high tension force coupled with the large deflection effect, both of which are affected by many parameters not generally considered in conventional structures. In the design, one must therefore give a careful consideration on various effects, such as support settlement due to live loads and material creep, temperature change, pre-tension force, and wind pressure. It is not uncommon to see many similar glass wall systems fail in the wind load test chambers under a design wind speed. This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design of this type of structural systems used in a project in Hong Kong, China. The stability function with initial curvature is used in place of the cubic function, which is only accurate for linear analysis. The considerations and analysis techniques are believed to be of value to engineers involved in the design of the structural systems behaving nonlinearly.

关键词： tension system     glass wall     nonlinear analysis     pre-tensioning     second-order analysis    

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NiFeRuOx nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1698-1706 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2334-8

摘要： The electrocatalyst NiFeRuOx/NF, comprised of NiFeRuOx nanosheets grown on Ni foam, was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by thermal annealing. NiFeRuOx/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater splitting: 98 mV@ 10 mA∙cm−2 in hydrogen evolution reaction, 318 mV@ 50 mA∙cm−2 in oxygen evolution reaction, and a cell voltage of 1.53 V@ 10 mA∙cm−2, as well as 20 h of durability. A solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuOx/NF has an almost 100% Faradaic efficiency. The NiFeRuOx coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical factor for enhancement of bifunctional performances.

关键词： NiFeRuOx nanosheets     Ni foam     electrocatalysis     overall seawater splitting     solar-driven system    

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Reliability of foam posturography in assessment of postural balance in the patients with vertigo

LIU Bo, KONG Weijia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 361-365 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0069-z

摘要： The postural balance is a important aspect of assessment in vestibular rehabilitation therapy. As the computerized dynamic posturography, the foam posturography performed by using foam in posturography is a useful measurement tool for postural balance. Then, the reliability of foam posturography is critical in clinic. To our knowledge, there is no report about the test-retest reliability of foam posturography in the patients with vertigo in China. The foam posturography was taken on the patients with vertigo in stable state and repeated in 3 to 5 days. In the two assessments of test and retest, all subjects stood under 4 sensory conditions, such as firm surface with eyes open (T1), firm surface with eyes closed (T2), foam surface with eyes open (T3) and foam surface with eyes closed (T4) for 30 seconds respectively. The average sway velocity (SV) of center of pressure (COP) under feet of upright standing was recorded as research parameter. The results of patients with vertigo were compared with those of normal subjects. It demonstrated that all normal subjects did not fall in the two assessments. There were 10 of 34 patients with vertigo at least fell one time during the two assessments, and the SVs of these subjects did not taken the analysis of test-retest reliability. The results showed that: (1) The interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of all 49 subjects including normal subjects and patients without falling were 0.887–0.973 according to the T1–T4 between two assessment. (2) The SVs between the normal subjects and patients were significantly different in the T2 ( = 2.018, = 0.049) and T4 ( = 3.905, < 0.001) in the first assessment and in the T4 ( = 3.715, = 0.001) in the second. And (3) the cases of falling between two assessments were not significant different ( = 0.073, = 0.787) in the patients with vertigo. It is concluded from this study that the foam posturography has high test-retest reliability to assess the postural balance in the patients with vertigo in stable state, indicating the foam posturography can be used as the valid means to assess the improvement of postural balance for patients with vertigo in the vestibular rehabilitation therapy.
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Progress of three-dimensional macroporous bioactive glass for bone regeneration

Lijun JI, Yunfeng SI, Ailing LI, Wenjun WANG, Dong QIU, Aiping ZHU

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 470-483 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1217-1

摘要： Bioactive glasses (BGs) are ideal materials for macroporous scaffolds due to their excellent osteoconductive, osteoinductive, biocompatible and biodegradable properties, and their high bone bonding rates. Macroporous scaffolds made from BGs are in high demand for bone regeneration because they can stimulate vascularized bone ingrowth and they enhance bonding between scaffolds and surrounding tissues. Engineering BG/biopolymers (BP) composites or hybrids may be a good way to prepare macroporous scaffolds with excellent properties. This paper summarizes the progress in the past few years in preparing three-dimensional macroporous BG and BG/BP scaffolds for bone regeneration. Since the brittleness of BGs is a major problem in developing macroporous scaffolds and this limits their use in load bearing applications, the mechanical properties of macroporous scaffolds are particularly emphasized in this review.

关键词： bioactive glass     biopolymer     bone regeneration     macroporous scaffolds     tissue engineering    

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highly durable thiol-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based superhydrophobic melamine foam

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期   页码 1247-1258 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2124-0

摘要： In this study, a durable superhydrophobic/superoleophilic melamine foam was fabricated by a facile and rapid one-step thiol-ene click chemistry and Michael addition reaction, which demonstrated excellent robustness in oil/water separation. First, 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-1-hexene reacted with thiol-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane via the thiol-ene click chemistry to obtain a fluorinated thiol-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane solution. Subsequently, the melamine foam was immersed to the solution system to form nanoaggregates on the melamine foam surface by the Michael addition reaction in the presence of ultraviolet light. The micro/nano rough structure and low surface energy of the nanoaggregates layer endowed the pristine melamine foam with superhydrophobicity; the water contact angle was greater than 150°. More importantly, the as-prepared melamine foam could withstand harsh conditions, such as a corrosive solution environment, strong ultraviolet light, mechanical compression, high and low temperature exposure, and ultrasonic washing. Driven by gravity, the as-prepared melamine foam could efficiently separate the oil/water mixtures and maintain 98% separation efficiency at high and low temperatures. In addition, it maintained the desirable absorption capability in different oil/organic solvents even after 15 absorption cycles. Accordingly, this facile, low-cost, and robust one-step method provides important support for the superhydrophobic oil/water separation field.

关键词： superhydrophobic melamine foam     thiol-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane     durable     oil/water separation    

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Experimental studies on the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections

WANG Qing-chun, FAN Zi-jie, GUI Liang-jin, WANG Zheng-hong, FU Zi-lai

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年 第1卷 第4期   页码 381-387 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0044-9

摘要： Drop hammer tests were carried out to study the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections. First, the axial crash tests of the empty hat sections, aluminum foam and the aluminum foam-filled hat sections were carried out; then, based upon the test results, the axial crash behavior of the aluminum foam-filled hat sections were analyzed. It was found that aluminum foam filling can increase the energy absorption capacities of the hat sections. Compared with the non-filled structures, aluminum foamfilled structures were much more stable and needed less mass to absorb the specified energy.

关键词： specified energy     aluminum foam-filled     energy absorption     non-filled     Drop hammer    

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Efficient promotion of methane hydrate formation and elimination of foam generation using fluorinated

Quan CAO, Dongyan XU, Huanfei XU, Shengjun LUO, Rongbo GUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 443-451 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0683-2

摘要： Methane hydrate preparation is an effective method to store and transport methane. In promoters to facilitate methane hydrate formation, homogeneous surfactant solutions, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in particular, are more favorable than heterogeneous particles, thanks to their faster reaction rate, more storage capacity, and higher stability. Foaming, however, could not be avoided during hydrate dissociation with the presence of SDS. This paper investigated the ability of five fluorinated surfactants: potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate (PBS), potassium perfluorohexyl sulfonate (PHS), potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate (POS), ammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate (AOS), and tetraethylammonium perfluorooctyl sulfonate (TOS) to promote methane hydrate formation. It was found that both PBS and PHS achieve a storage capacity of 150 ( , the volume of methane that can be stored by one volume of water) within 30 min, more than that of SDS. Cationic ions and the carbon chain length were then discussed on their effects during the formation. It was concluded that PBS, PHS, and POS produced no foam during hydrate dissociation, making them promising promoters in large-scale application.

关键词： methane hydrate     fluorinated surfactants     homogeneous promoter     foam elimination     stability    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Novel methods by using non-vacuum insulated tubing to extend the lifetime of the tubing

Chenglong ZHOU,Guojin ZHU,Yongxiang XU,Jifei YU,Xiaoliang ZHANG,Hongzhi SHENG

期刊论文

Facile strategy for carbon foam fabrication with lignin as sole feedstock and its applications

期刊论文

Effect of IL-10 on formation of foam cell induced by ox-LDL

WANG Fei, DAI Yalei, XU Ting, XU Bo, WANG Kaifeng

期刊论文

Stability of three-dimensional printable foam concrete as function of surfactant characteristics

期刊论文

An investigation into the properties of ternary and binary cement pastes containing glass powder

Marcelo Frota BAZHUNI, Mahsa KAMALI, Ali GHAHREMANINEZHAD

期刊论文

The role of single deformed bubble on porous foam tray with submerged orifices on the mass transfer enhancement

期刊论文

Dialdehyde cellulose nanocrystal cross-linked chitosan foam with high adsorption capacity for removal

期刊论文

Precision glass molding: Toward an optimal fabrication of optical lenses

Liangchi ZHANG,Weidong LIU

期刊论文

Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

期刊论文

NiFeRuOx nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient

期刊论文

Reliability of foam posturography in assessment of postural balance in the patients with vertigo

LIU Bo, KONG Weijia

期刊论文

Progress of three-dimensional macroporous bioactive glass for bone regeneration

Lijun JI, Yunfeng SI, Ailing LI, Wenjun WANG, Dong QIU, Aiping ZHU

期刊论文

highly durable thiol-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane based superhydrophobic melamine foam

期刊论文

Experimental studies on the axial crash behavior of aluminum foam-filled hat sections

WANG Qing-chun, FAN Zi-jie, GUI Liang-jin, WANG Zheng-hong, FU Zi-lai

期刊论文

Efficient promotion of methane hydrate formation and elimination of foam generation using fluorinated

Quan CAO, Dongyan XU, Huanfei XU, Shengjun LUO, Rongbo GUO

期刊论文