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Potential advantages in combining smart and green infrastructure over silo approaches for future cities

Yamuna KALUARACHCHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 98-108 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0136-y

摘要： Cities are incorporating smart and green infrastructure components in their urban design policies, adapting existing and new infrastructure systems to integrate technological advances to mitigate extreme weather due to climate change. Research has illustrated that smart green infrastructure (SGI) provides not only climate change resilience but also many health and wellbeing benefits that improve the quality of life of citizens. With the growing demand for smart technology, a series of problems and challenges, including governance, privacy, and security, must be addressed. This paper explores the potential to transition from grey, green, or smart silos to work with nature-based solutions and smart technology to help change cities to achieve considerable environmental and socio-economic benefits. The concepts of grey, green, and smart infrastructure are presented, and the needs, benefits, and applications are investigated. Moreover, the advantages of using integrated smart, green nature-based solutions are discussed. A comprehensive literature review is undertaken with keyword searches, including journal papers, stakeholder and case study reports, and local authority action plans. The methodology adopts multimethod qualitative information review, including literature, case studies, expert interviews, and documentary analysis. Published data and information are analysed to capture the key concepts in implementing SGI systems, such as storm-water control, flood and coastal defense, urban waste management, transportation, recreation, and asset management. The paper investigates the elimination of silo approaches and the alleviation of the destructions caused by extreme weather events using these interdependent SGI systems supported by novel data-driven platforms to provide nature-based solutions to boost the health and wellbeing of the residents.

关键词： grey infrastructure green infrastructure smart infrastructure smart and green combined infrastructure smart cities future cities

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面向未来智慧城市的汽车共享出行发展战略

陈轶嵩,赵俊玮,刘永涛

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第3期页码 114-121 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.009

摘要：

本文分析了当前汽车共享出行的发展环境、发展趋势与发展机遇，梳理了汽车共享出行与智慧城市之间的共生关系。对我国汽车共享出行的典型发展模式进行分析、实践经验进行总结，从新技术、新需求以及新模式三个维度阐述了汽车共享出行发展的新理念。在此基础上，提出了我国汽车共享出行创新发展的五种典型路径，基于发展路径对我国未来智慧城市汽车共享出行生态进行了构想。

关键词：智慧城市共享出行发展模式路径分析生态构想

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The development trend and practical innovation of smart cities under the integration of new technologies

Xiaohong CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 485-502 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0057-9

摘要： Smart cities have rapidly developed in the context of the integration of new digital technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, blockchains, and virtual reality. These cities have conducted practical innovations and typical cases in many sectors, such as in government, transportation, environmental protection, energy, medical care, and logistics, and have produced many social, economic, and ecological benefits. However, there are still some problems that continue to hinder the construction of smart cities. This paper examines such problems in depth and proposes some relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

关键词： new technology integration smart city big data practical innovation

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Exploring the development of municipal solid waste disposal facilities in Chinese cities: patterns and

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1739-4

摘要：

● We tracked Chinese cities’ MSW disposal infrastructure development history.

关键词： China Municipal solid waste (MSW) Landfill Incineration Proliferation patterns Driving forces

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The main and added effects of heat on mortality in 33 Chinese cities from 2007 to 2013

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1681-5

摘要：

● The main and added effect from heat co-existed in China.

关键词： Heat Main effect Added effect Mortality Vulnerable population

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nature-based solutions: Three key strategies to tackle emerging issues on food security in Chinese cities

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 736-741 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0262-4

摘要： Urban agriculture as nature-based solutions: Three key strategies to tackle emerging issues on food security in Chinese cities under climatic and non-climatic challenges

关键词： key strategies tackle Urban agriculture nature challenges

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信息物理——社会系统视角下的智能城市 Perspective

Christos G. Cassandras

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第2期页码 156-158 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.012

摘要：

新兴智慧城市是城市环境的新一代创新服务，包括交通、能源分布、医疗、环境监测、商务、商业、紧急响应和社会活动。要想实现这种为城市场景服务的各项技术，需要将智慧城市视为一个整体的信息物理融合系统(CPS)，这其中包括新的移动软件平台和对治安、安全、隐私和大量信息处理的严格要求。本文旨在确定智慧城市的关键特征，进而讨论了一些由CPS 观点出发而得出的经验教训，并概述了一些空白领域的基础研究内容。

关键词：智慧城市信息物理融合系统数据驱动的控制

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Combining innovative science and policy to improve air quality in cities with refining and chemicals

David T. Allen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 293-304 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1660-0

摘要： In Houston, a combination of urban emissions from a city of 4 million people, coupled with emissions from extensive petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing, leads to conditions for photochemistry that are unique in the United States, and historically, the city had experienced some of the highest ozone concentrations recorded in the United States. Large air quality field studies (the Texas Air Quality Studies or TexAQS I and II) were conducted to determine root causes of the high ozone concentrations. Hundreds of air quality investigators, from around the world, deployed instruments on aircraft, on ships, and at fixed ground sites to make extensive air quality measurements; detailed photochemical modeling was used to interpret and assess the implications of the measurements. The Texas Air Quality Studies revealed that both continuous and episodic emissions of light alkenes, which came to be called highly reactive volatile organic compounds, played a critical role in the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants in the region. Understanding and quantifying the role of these emissions in regional air quality required innovations in characterizing emissions and in photochemical modeling. Reducing emissions required innovative policy approaches. These coupled scientific and policy innovations are described, and the result, substantially cleaner air for Houston, is documented. The lessons learned from the Houston air quality experience are relevant to cities with similar population and industrial profiles around the world.

关键词： ozone air quality highly reactive volatile organic compounds Houston

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基于水资源约束的我国城市发展策略研究

吴志强,刘晓畅,刘琦,乔壬路,刘治宇,杨婷,严娟,姬凌云

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 75-88 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.010

摘要：

水资源是城市发展的基础性自然资源和战略性经济资源，是城市生态环境的控制性要素，是城市空间的基本底色。我国水资源分布不平衡、区域结构性缺水、水污染等问题严峻，制约了城市的发展，亟需以城市为独立研究单元进行全域诊断与推演，对全国的城市水环境和用水特征进行分析并制定策略。本文通过对我国八大综合经济区的369 个城市的水情总体特征以及关键要素时空分布格局进行分析，揭示了我国800 mm等雨量线、降水总量与水资源总量关系的演进规律；从未来推演视角，预测了我国369 个城市2035 年水平衡发展情势；在此基础上，聚焦城市用水需求与水资源供给之间的矛盾，将我国的城市划分为“城渴型”“产旱型”“房淹型”3 类，分别阐述3 类城市的水环境特征和空间分布。最后，本文提出了适应水条件的我国城市发展政策建议，包括“以水定城”的新型城镇化对策、“以水定产”的城市产业发展对策和“以水定人”的城市人口发展对策，以期对我国今后城市发展布局提供参考。

关键词：水资源；城渴型；产旱型；房淹型；以水定城；水情推演

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Past in review and future plans

Yi QIAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 2-11 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0002-y

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从全球城市视角解码水系统碳中和 Article

林家良, 刘刚, Anne Marieke Motelica-Wagenaar, Jan Peter van der Hoek

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 77-85 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.012

摘要：

当前，很多城市已做出碳中和承诺，城市水系统也可以为构建碳中和城市贡献力量。本研究采用多城市时序分析法，评估了阿姆斯特丹、墨尔本、纽约和东京等四个城市，在水系统温室气体（GHG）排放管理方面的进展情况及经验教训。这些城市在水系统温室气体减排目标制定和排放情况报告方面，一直走在世界前列。尽管这些年来多次“反弹”，但相比十多年前，这4个城市水系统的温室气体排放量都有所下降，近三年平均减排量达到13%~32%。温室气体排放量下降归功于多种工程措施，如太阳能和小型水力发电、沼气定价、污泥消化、焚烧及曝气系统优化等。与此同时，这些城市认识到，在实现碳中和目标的道路上仍有众多挑战，包括动态变化的需水量和降雨量、碳密集型防洪和供水战略、满足新的空气和水质标准以及修正温室气体排放核算方法等。本研究也证实，水系统靠自身实现碳中和十分困难，必须扩大常规的系统边界，统筹外部的工程和非工程机会，携手其他行业共同构建碳中和城市。

关键词：城市水系统温室气体排放全球城市缓解气候变化碳中和

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Occurrence of odor problems in drinking water of major cities across China

SUN Daolin,YU Jianwei,YANG Min,AN Wei,ZHAO Yunyun,LU Ning,YUAN Shengguang,ZHANG Dongqing

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 411-416 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0577-1

摘要： A comprehensive investigation into the occurrence of odor problem at 111 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in major cities across China was undertaken using both flavor profile analysis (FPA) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty percent of source water samples exhibited odor problems, characterized by earthy/musty (41%) and swampy/septic (36%) odors, while the occurrence rate was lower (45%) in the finished water. Source water from rivers exhibited more pollution-origin odors, such as the swampy/septic odor, while that from lakes and reservoirs exhibited more algae-origin odors, such as earthy/musty odors. The occurrence rate of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) in the surface source water samples was 75%, with 7% of samples containing 2-MIB concentrations of over 10 ng·L . The earthy/musty odor in the lake/reservoir water samples was mainly caused by 2-MIB (linear regression coefficient, =0.69), while the correlation between 2-MIB concentration and the earthy/musty odor intensity in the river-source water samples was weak ( =0.35). These results will be useful for the management of odor-quality problems in drinking water of China.

关键词： flavor profile analysis 2-methylisoborneol swampy/septic odor earthy/musty odor drinking water quality

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Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based

Haizhou Liu, Xuejun Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1267-4

摘要： Abstract • Wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water. • A strong dependence of occurrence on groundwater sources. • Elucidate Redox and equilibrium chemistry of Cr(VI). • Sn(II)-based and TiO2-based reductive treatments hold extreme promise. • Key challenges include residual waste, Cr(VI) re-generation and socioeconomic drivers. Chromium (Cr) typically exists in either trivalent and hexavalent oxidation states in drinking water, i.e., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), with Cr(VI) of particular concern in recent years due to its high toxicity and new regulatory standards. This Account presented a critical analysis of the sources and occurrence of Cr(VI) in drinking water in the United States, analyzed the equilibrium chemistry of Cr(VI) species, summarized important redox reaction relevant to the fate of Cr(VI) in drinking water, and critically reviewed emerging Cr(VI) treatment technologies. There is a wide occurrence of Cr(VI) in US source drinking water, with a strong dependence on groundwater sources, mainly due to naturally weathering of chromium-containing aquifers. Challenges regarding traditional Cr(VI) treatment include chemical cost, generation of secondary waste and inadvertent re-generation of Cr(VI) after treatment. To overcome these challenges, reductive Cr(VI) treatment technologies based on the application of stannous tin or electron-releasing titanium dioxide photocatalyst hold extreme promise in the future. To moving forward in the right direction, three key questions need further exploration for the technology implementation, including effective management of residual waste, minimizing the risks of Cr(VI) re-occurrence downstream of drinking water treatment plant, and promote the socioeconomic drivers for Cr(VI) control in the future.

关键词： Chromium Chemistry Treatment Future outlook

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我国港口城市氢能发展潜力与对策研究

刘岢孟 ,高俊莲 ,孙旭东 ,张博,吴荣

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 108-117 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.012

摘要：

氢能是我国未来能源转型与产业发展的重要方向；港口城市是我国经济发展与对外开放的关键地带，加快和推动能源绿色低碳转型、布局氢能规模化开发利用是推动我国港口城市高质量发展的重要手段。本文首先明确了我国港口城市氢能产业发展的基础，分析了港口城市氢能产业发展的现状、已有规划目标以及存在的问题，进而提出了港口城市氢能发展的方向和路径选择。研究发现，我国港口城市具有区位优势明显、氢能资源丰富、应用场景突出、研发实力雄厚、人才集聚力强等发展基础，可以通过港口、重型卡车、公交车等应用场景，推进氢能重点工程项目的部署落实，将港口城市打造为氢能技术先进、氢能供应充足、产业链完备的国际能源枢纽。为进一步把握港口城市氢能产业发展的战略机遇，研究建议，各地要积极开放合作，构建良好生态；抓关键补短板，构建创新体系；坚持安全为先，推进场景应用；加快技术创新，激发发展动力。

关键词：港口城市；氢能技术；氢能应用；国际氢能交通枢纽

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先进城市与社会的高性能抗震结构

Jiro Takagi, Akira Wada

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第2期页码 184-189 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.023