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Application of granular solid hydrodynamics to a well-graded unbound granular material undergoing triaxialtests

Shixiong SONG, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Chuhan ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 83-88 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0148-8

摘要： Unbound granular materials (UGMs) are widely used as a base or a subbase in pavement construction. They are generally well graded and exhibit a higher peak strength than that of conventional cohesionless granular materials. By using a simplified version of granular solid hydrodynamics (GSH), a set of GSH material constants is determined for a UGM material. The deviatoric stress and volumetric strain caused by triaxial compression are calculated and then compared with experimental data. The results indicate that the GSH theory is able to describe such a special type of granular materials.

关键词： granular solid hydrodynamics     unbound granular material (UGM)     triaxial tests    

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A new method of studying collapsibility of loess

Yuanqing ZHU , Zhenghan CHEN ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 305-311 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0040-3

摘要： A new triaxial testing system that could control suction in wetting-induced collapsible tests was successfully developed to study the suction effects on wetting-induced collapsible deformation. The pedestal of the triaxial cell was made up of two parts, and the equipment not only could control suction but also could make water accessible to soil. A pressure/volume-controlled equipment was combined with the triaxial system to measure the water volume absorbed by samples accurately and to add pressure on water to filtrate into the sample. The apparatus could measure volume change precisely and keep the deviator stress unvaried, as well as measure the volume of water filtrating into the samples exactly. A triaxial collapsible testing procedure was described using the new apparatus for undisturbed collapsible loess with controlled suction. Furthermore, a series of double triaxial collapsible tests were conducted under different suctions and the same net cell pressure, and tests under different net cell pressures and the same suction were also done. It was indicated that the collapsible deformation increased with the increasing suction, and the effect of the net cell pressure on collapsible deformation was remarkable. The new triaxial apparatus was a useful facility to study the collapsible behavior of loess.

关键词： triaxial apparatus for collapsible soils     controlled suction     pressure/volume controlled equipment     double triaxial collapsible test     single triaxial collapsible test    

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Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxialtests

Diego Maria BARBIERI, Inge HOFF, Chun-Hsing HO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 412-424 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0700-5

摘要： The creation of the new “Ferry-Free Coastal Highway Route E39” in southwest Norway entails the production of a remarkable quantity of crushed rocks. These resources could be beneficially employed as aggregates in the unbound courses of the highway itself or other road pavements present nearby. Two innovative stabilizing agents, organosilane and lignosulfonate, can significantly enhance the key properties, namely, resilient modulus and resistance against permanent deformation, of the aggregates that are excessively weak in their natural state. The beneficial effect offered by the additives was thoroughly evaluated by performing repeated load triaxial tests. The study adopted the most common numerical models to describe these two key mechanical properties. The increase in the resilient modulus and reduction in the accumulated vertical permanent deformation show the beneficial impact of the additives. Furthermore, a finite element model was created to simulate the repeated load triaxial test by implementing nonlinear elastic and plastic constitutive relationships.

关键词： organosilane     lignosulfonate     crushed rocks     pavement unbound layers     repeated load triaxial test     finite element analysis    

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Behavior of dam concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compression-compression-tension

WANG Huailiang, SONG Yupu

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 323-328 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0043-5

摘要： In order to meet the requirement for nonlinear analysis and design of mass concrete structures, the deformation behavior and strength of three-graded concrete specimens 250 mm × 250 mm × 400 mm with a maximum aggregate size of 80 mm and the corresponding wet-screened concrete specimens 150 mm × 150 mm × 300 mm with a maximum aggregate size of 40 mm were studied experimentally. Specimens subjected to biaxial compression-tension (C-T) and triaxial compression-compression-tension (C-C-T) stress states. Test data indicate that both the deformation and strength of the mass concrete specimens are lower than those of the corresponding wet-screened concrete small specimens, but the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of the former is greater than that of the latter. Test results show that the wet-screened effect and size effect of the specimens under complex stress states are obvious such that these should be considered in the design of mass concrete structures. In addition, respective failure criteria for mass concrete in principal stress space and octahedron stress space are proposed.

关键词： requirement     wet-screened concrete     compression-tension     maximum aggregate     principal    

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Effect of cavity defect on the triaxial mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

Yanbin ZHANG; Zhe WANG; Mingyu FENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 600-614 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0821-5

摘要： The stress concentration of pipe structure or cavity defect has a great effect on the mechanical properties of the high-performance concrete (HPC) members in deep underground locations. However, the behaviour of HPC with cavities under triaxial compression is not understood, especially when pressurized liquid flows into the fractures from the cavity. This study aims to investigate the effect of the cavity and the confining pressure on the failure mechanisms, strengths, and deformation properties of HPC with a new experimental scheme. In this experiment, the pressurized liquid can only contact the surface of the sample in the cavity, while the other surfaces are isolated from the pressurized liquid. To further explore the effect of the cavity, the same experiments are also conducted on sealed and unsealed intact samples without a cavity. The failure modes and stress-strain curves of all types of the samples are presented. Under various confining pressures, all the samples with a cavity suffer shear failure, and there are always secondary tensile fractures initiating from the cavity sidewall. Additionally, it can be determined from the failure modes and the stress-strain curves that the shear fractures result from the sidewall failure. Based on the different effects of the cavity on the lateral deformations in different directions, the initiation of the sidewall fracture is well predicted. The experimental results show that both the increase of the confining pressure and the decrease of the cavity size are conducive to the initiation of sidewall fracture. Moreover, the cavity weakens the strength of the sample, and this study gives a modified Power-law criterion in which the cavity size is added as an impact factor to predict the strength of the sample.

关键词： high-performance concrete     cavity     conventional triaxial compression     pressurized liquid     modified power-law criterion    

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三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

闫东明,林皋

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第6期   页码 64-70

摘要：

对设计强度为10MPa的混凝土立方体试件进行三轴压缩试验，系统研究了等围压条件下混凝土的强 度和变形特性，围压分别为0，4，8，12，16MPa５个量级；同时研究了不等围压条件下混凝土强度变化特性， 试验表明，随着围压增加，混凝土的极限抗压强度有明显增强的趋势；随着小主应力的增加，中主应力的影响 有减弱的趋势；峰值应力处应变随围压增加幅度显著。得出了在不同恒定围压下混凝土的应力应变全过程曲线； 通过与当前文献资料的对比分析，指出了在混凝土结构计算中适用的强度及变形表达式，为工程实践提供了 依据。

关键词： 三向受力状态     不等围压     极限强度     变形     混凝土    

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A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with

Zhuang CHENG, Jianfeng WANG, Matthew Richard COOP, Guanlin YE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 357-373 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0599-2

摘要： The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of (diameter height). triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.

关键词： triaxial apparatus     X-ray μCT     in situ test     micro-scale mechanical behavior     granular soils    

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Study of base friction simulation tests based on a complicated engineered bridge slope

Liu HE, Guang WU, Hua WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 393-397 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0174-6

摘要： In this paper, a physical base friction test model of a slope is established. The model is based on similarity principles and the geological conditions of a complicated bridge slope during construction, deformation and failure. The behavior of the slope in both its natural state and during excavation loading is qualitatively analyzed through base friction tests. The base friction test results are then subjected to comparison and analysis using finite element numerical simulation. The findings show that the whole engineered slope tends to stabilize in its natural state, whereas instabilities will arise at faulted rock masses located near bridge piers during excavation loading. Therefore, to ensure normal construction operation of bridge works, it is suggested that pre-reinforcement of faulted rock masses be performed.

关键词： base friction test     slope stability evaluation     bridge slope    

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Strain localization analyses of idealized sands in biaxial tests by distinct element method

Mingjing JIANG, Hehua ZHU, Xiumei LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 208-222 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0025-2

摘要： This paper presents a numerical investigation on the strain localization of an idealized sand in biaxial compression tests using the distinct element method (DEM). In addition to the dilatancy and material frictional angle, the principal stress field, and distributions of void ratio, particle velocity, and the averaged pure rotation rate (APR) in the DEM specimen are examined to illustrate the link between microscopic and macroscopic variables in the case of strain localization. The study shows that strain localization of the granular material in the tests proceeds with localizations of void ratio, strain and APR, and distortions of stress field and force chains. In addition, both thickness and inclination of the shear band change with the increasing of axial strain, with the former valued around 10–14 times of mean grain diameter and the later overall described by the Mohr-Coulomb theory.

关键词： idealized sand     strain localization     numerical analyses     distinct element method (DEM)    

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Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 718-730 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1771-2

摘要：

For improving wastewater quality, one of the dare of steelworks is reducing cyanide in wastewater of gas washing treatment of blast furnaces. Costs of existing treatments, stringent environmental regulations and changeable composition of water from gas treatment, have led to study how available treatments can be modified and to examine new ones. Ozonation is one of cyanide treatments, tested within a European project. A process model was set up with Aspen Plus®, to assess operating conditions and wastewater distinctive characteristics and to demonstrate treatment robustness. Process was modeled by theoretical reactors, taking into account all more affecting reactions. A genetic algorithm was exploited to find kinetic parameters of these reactions. After validation, the model was used to analyse scenarios, by considering also real contexts. Pilot tests were extended, process knowledge was enhanced and suggestions were obtained. To promote cyanide removal with ozone, temperature and pH values were 30°C and 10, respectively. With an ozone (mg/h)/water (L/h) ratio of 100 mg/L, batch mode ensure reaching cyanide regulation limit (0.2 mg/L) after maximum 4.5 h, if initial amount was less than 20 mg/L. Higher removal was obtained than in continuous mode due to constraints related to this last run. Higher wastewater contamination needed further time and more ozone.

关键词： blast furnace     cyanide removal     gas washing water     modeling and simulation     ozonation    

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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure     layered     cavity expansion theory     triaxial fracturing test     cohesive soil    

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砂质边坡安全保障新技术研究

牛笑笛,杨广庆,刘伟超

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第6期   页码 86-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.013

摘要：

砂质边坡稳定性差，常规防护措施的防护效果较差。为了有效地对砂质边坡进行防护，笔者研制了一种新型固砂剂——TD–1。为了验证TD–1的固砂效果，笔者进行了配比优化试验、渗透试验、干湿循环试验和现场试验。试验结果表明：在磷酸硅、硅酸锂、硅溶胶掺入比例相同的条件下，固砂试样的强度随钾水玻璃模数的增加而增大；钾水玻璃的最佳添加量为固化砂质量的3%；加入改性剂的试样，强度有明显的增长；使用低模数钾水玻璃的试样，渗透能力相对更好；随着干湿循环次数的增加，试样的强度逐渐下降，经过3次循环之后，试样的强度基本趋于稳定。TD–1固砂剂还可与客土喷播技术结合使用，进行边坡绿化防护，固化产物有利于植物生长。

关键词： 砂质边坡     固砂剂     室内试验     现场试验    

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高铁闪锌矿精矿加压浸出半工业试验研究

王吉坤,周廷熙,吴锦梅

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第1期   页码 60-64

摘要：

高铁闪锌矿经二段加压浸出，锌浸出率97.09%，铁浸出率15.2%，元素硫产率93%，浸出液残酸3.95g/L，经简单中和、净化，生产合格硫酸锌新液供应锌电积。为了研究比较，闪锌矿经一段加压浸出，锌的浸出率98.09%，铁浸出率37.88%，元素硫产率96%，浸出液残酸高（46.4g/L），可并入现有传统湿法炼锌工艺流程处理。

关键词： 高铁闪锌矿     加压浸出     半工业试验     元素硫    

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Performance of fiber reinforced clayey sand composite

Amin CHEGENIZADEH, Hamid NIKRAZ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 147-152 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0158-6

摘要： Soils and their related behavior have always been the subject of many studies. Recent researches show some interests in investigation of inclusion of randomly distributed fiber in soil. This study focuses on effect of fiber inclusion on the strength and other parameters of clayey sand composite material. First part of this study is related to effective parameters on strength of the clayey sand composite with using natural fiber and plastic fiber and different fiber contents and length. Triaxial consolidated undrained (CU) tests were carried out to investigate behavior of the composite under different condition. The fiber percentage varied from 0% (for unreinforced samples) to 4% and fiber length varied from 8 to 25 mm. The fiber length and fiber content found to play important rule on the strength of fiber reinforced composite.

关键词： triaxial     consolidated undrained (CU)     fiber     strength    

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Seismic tests of post-tensioned self-centering building frames with column and slab restraints

Chung-Che CHOU, Jun-Hen CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 323-334 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0119-5

摘要： Post-tensioned (PT) self-centering moment frames have been developed as an alternative to typical moment-resisting frames (MRFs) for earthquake resistance. When a PT frame deforms laterally, gaps between the beams and columns open. However, the gaps are constrained by the columns and the slab in a real PT self-centering building frame. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the column restraint and beam compression force based on the column deformation and gap openings at all stories. The method is verified by cyclic tests of a full-scale, two-bay by one-story PT frame. Moreover, a sliding slab is proposed to minimize restraints on the expansion of the PT frame. Shaking table tests were conducted on a reduced-scale, two-by-two bay one-story specimen, which comprises one PT frame and two gravitational frames. The PT frame and gravitational frames are self-centering throughout the tests, responding in phase with only minor differences in peak drifts caused by expansion of the PT frame. When the specimen is excited by a simulation of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 1.87 g, the maximum interstory drift and the residual drift are 7.2% and 0.01%, respectively.

关键词： post-tensioned frame     frame expansion     column restraint     sliding slab     frame test     shake table test    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Application of granular solid hydrodynamics to a well-graded unbound granular material undergoing triaxialtests

Shixiong SONG, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Chuhan ZHANG

期刊论文

A new method of studying collapsibility of loess

Yuanqing ZHU , Zhenghan CHEN ,

期刊论文

Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxialtests

Diego Maria BARBIERI, Inge HOFF, Chun-Hsing HO

期刊论文

Behavior of dam concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compression-compression-tension

WANG Huailiang, SONG Yupu

期刊论文

Effect of cavity defect on the triaxial mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

Yanbin ZHANG; Zhe WANG; Mingyu FENG

期刊论文

三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

闫东明,林皋

期刊论文

A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with

Zhuang CHENG, Jianfeng WANG, Matthew Richard COOP, Guanlin YE

期刊论文

Study of base friction simulation tests based on a complicated engineered bridge slope

Liu HE, Guang WU, Hua WANG

期刊论文

Strain localization analyses of idealized sands in biaxial tests by distinct element method

Mingjing JIANG, Hehua ZHU, Xiumei LI,

期刊论文

Extension of pilot tests of cyanide elimination by ozone from blast furnace gas washing water through

Ismael Matino, Valentina Colla, Teresa A. Branca

期刊论文

Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

期刊论文

砂质边坡安全保障新技术研究

牛笑笛,杨广庆,刘伟超

期刊论文

高铁闪锌矿精矿加压浸出半工业试验研究

王吉坤,周廷熙,吴锦梅

期刊论文

Performance of fiber reinforced clayey sand composite

Amin CHEGENIZADEH, Hamid NIKRAZ

期刊论文

Seismic tests of post-tensioned self-centering building frames with column and slab restraints

Chung-Che CHOU, Jun-Hen CHEN

期刊论文