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心电图信号的频域分析

涂承媛,曾衍钧,李树信

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 66-70

摘要：

提出了一种简便有效的、由心电图（ECG）曲线提取QRS-T复合波的新方法，从而获得P波（当房颤未发生时）或f波（当房颤时）；利用功率谱、自相关、互相关等信号处理技术，对它进行了处理和分析，特别是，

关键词：心电图（ECG） QRS-T复合波 P波房颤波（f波）频数直方图功率谱自相关互相关

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玻璃纤维复合材料新生态复合技术

回显权

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第4期页码 93-94

摘要：

现代结构材料正向复合化方向发展。复合材料发展的关键在于开创低成本、高可靠性的复合技术。将玻璃纤维复合材料由传统的后期复合改为新生态的早期复合，可降低复合成本和提高可靠性。

关键词：复合材料早期复合单纤维复合纤维力学效应界面效应树脂薄膜效应

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用于环境催化的MoS₂/ZIF-8复合材料——太阳能驱动的抗生素降解工程 Article

陈文倩, 李琳悦, 李林, 裘文慧, 唐量, 徐玲, 许科军, 吴明红

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第4期页码 755-767 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.003

摘要：在本文中，我们提供了一种MoS₂/ZIF-8复合光催化剂，它可以使环丙沙星（CIP）和盐酸四环素（TC）的光催化降解率分别达到1T/2H-MoS₂的1.21倍和MoS₂/ZIF-8纳米复合材料的产氢率是MoS₂的1.79倍。这项工作通过优化表面纳米异质结结构的构造，为探索原始和高效的1T/2H-MoS₂/MOF基光催化剂提供了新的方向。我们发现复合光催化剂经久耐用，其催化性能在稳定性测试下得以保持。因此，1T/2H-MoS₂/MOF基光催化剂具有良好的抗生素降解工程应用前景。

关键词： 1T/2H-MoS₂ ZIF-8 抗生素降解光催化

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纳米技术在牙科复合树脂改良中的应用

夏阳,谢海峰,章非敏,顾宁

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第3期页码 76-82

摘要：

以牙科复合树脂现存缺点为背景，对纳米技术对复合树脂的改良情况进行了研究，着重讨论了纳米材料对复合树脂的聚合收缩、抗菌性能和机械性能改良的一系列问题研究结果表明,使用纳米技术和材料可以很好地改进复合树脂多方面的性能，同时对复合树脂的发展方向和研究前景进行了展望。

关键词：纳米技术复合树脂抗菌聚合收缩机械性能

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Deubiquitinases as pivotal regulators of T cell functions

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0651-y

摘要：

T cells efficiently respond to foreign antigens to mediate immune responses against infections but are tolerant to self-tissues. Defect in T cell activation is associated with severe immune deficiencies, whereas aberrant T cell activation contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. An emerging mechanism that regulates T cell activation and tolerance is ubiquitination, a reversible process of protein modification that is counter-regulated by ubiquitinating enzymes and deubiquitinases (DUBs). DUBs are isopeptidases that cleave polyubiquitin chains and remove ubiquitin from target proteins, thereby controlling the magnitude and duration of ubiquitin signaling. It is now well recognized that DUBs are crucial regulators of T cell responses and serve as potential therapeutic targets for manipulating immune responses in the treatment of immunological disorders and cancer. This review will discuss the recent progresses regarding the functions of DUBs in T cells.

关键词： deubiquitinase ubiquitination T cell activation T cell differentiation T cell tolerance

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Regulation of T cell immunity by cellular metabolism

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 463-472 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0668-2

摘要：

T cells are an important adaptive immune response arm that mediates cell-mediated immunity. T cell metabolism plays a central role in T cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function. Specific metabolic programs are tightly controlled to mediate T cell immune responses, and alterations in T cell metabolism may result in many immunological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the main T cell metabolic pathways and the important factors participating in T cell metabolic programming during T cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.

关键词： T cell immunity metabolic pathways nutrient uptake metabolic checkpoints

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Separation and extraction of bridge dynamic strain data

Baijian WU, Zhaoxia LI, Ying WANG, T. H. T. CHAN,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 395-400 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0049-7

摘要： Through comparing the measured data of dynamic strains due to loading and temperature by the stain gauge and temperature sensor at the same location, the information in the strain data was divided into three parts in the frequency domain by using the defined index named power spectral density (PSD)-ratio index. The three parts are dominated respectively by temperature varying, stresses, and noises and thus can be distinguished from the determined the separatrix frequencies. Also, a simple algorithm was developed to separate the three types of information and to extract the strain caused mainly by structural stresses. As an application of the proposed method, the effect of strain deformation and noises on the fatigue assessment was investigated based on the separated data. The results show that, the determined values of separatrix frequencies are valuable for the monitoring data from other bridges. The algorithm is a multiresolution and hierarchical method, which has been validated as a simple and effective method for data analyses, and is suitable for the compression and preprocessing of the great amount monitoring data and easy to be integrated into the structural health monitoring (SHM) soft system. The strain due to temperature varying attributes a little to the errors of fatigue assessment; however, the noises or random disturbance existed in the monitoring data have much responsibility for the errors, and the main reason is that the random disturbance shifts the real strain/stress amplitude picked up by real structural stress or strain.

关键词： dynamic valuable separatrix strain/stress amplitude frequency

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大型超市安全疏散设计的初步研究

游宇航,李元洲,陈劲松,冯瑞,王浩波,霍然

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第4期页码 99-102

摘要：

根据某大型超市的建筑设计方案以及人员分布情况，针对该超市各防火分区之间疏散楼梯分布不均匀的问题，提出２种改进设计方案。一种是改进防火分区设置，在相邻防火分区之间设置共用楼梯，使得防火分区的疏散宽度分布更均匀，另一种是缩小相关防火分区的面积从而增加一个防火分区。采用EVACNET４进行计算机模拟，得到了３种疏散场景下人员疏散的时间。计算结果表明，当防火分区面积比较大时，疏散楼梯在防火分区四周均匀分布有利于人员疏散；共用楼梯的设置，既有利于人员疏散，又可以提高楼梯的利用率；适当减小防火分区的面积可以

关键词：大型超市安全疏散改进设计方案计算机模拟

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Carcinogens that induce the A:T>T:A nucleotide substitutions in the genome

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 236-238 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0611-y

摘要：

Recently, Ng . reported that the A:T>T:A substitutions, proposed to be a signature of aristolochic acid (AA) exposure, were detected in 76/98 (78%) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the Taiwan Province of China, and 47% to 1.7% of HCCs from the Chinese mainland and other countries harbored the nucleotide changes. However, other carcinogens, e.g., tobacco carcinogens 4-aminobiphenyl and 1,3-butadiene, air toxic vinyl chloride and its reactive metabolites chloroethylene oxide, melphalan and chlorambucil, also cause this signature in the genome. Since tobacco smoke is a worldwide public health threat and vinyl chloride distributes globally and is an air pollutant in Taiwan Province, the estimation of the patients’ exposure history is the key to determine the “culprit” of the A:T>T:A mutations. Apparently, without estimation of the patients’ exposure history, the conclusion of Ng is unpersuasive and misleading.

关键词： genomic signature carcinogen aristolochic acid tobacco smoke vinyl chloride hepatocellular carcinoma

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γδ T cells in liver diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 262-268 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0584-x

摘要：

γδ T cells display unique developmental, distributional, and functional patterns and can rapidly respond to various insults and contribute to diverse diseases. Different subtypes of γδ T cells are produced in the thymus prior to their migration to peripheral tissues. γδ T cells are enriched in the liver and exhibit liver-specific features. Accumulating evidence reveals that γδ T cells play important roles in liver infection, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and liver cancer and regeneration. In this study, we review the properties of hepatic γδ T cells and summarize the roles of γδ T cells in liver diseases. We believe that determining the properties and functions of γδ T cells in liver diseases enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis of liver diseases and is useful for the design of novel γδ T cell-based therapeutic regimens for liver diseases.

关键词： γδT cells liver infection non-alcoholic fatty liver disease autoimmune hepatitis liver fibrosis and cirrhosis liver cancer liver regeneration

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中国开创的抗爆钢复合材料压力容器技术

朱国辉

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 8-11

摘要：纤维复合材料和普通钢制是当今世界压力容器技术的两大种类。作者开创了一种新的具有优良综合特性，已含国家发明奖励和18项中美专利成果的抗爆钢复合材料压力容器技术，使压力容器的使用安全性和制造经济性发生了极大的变革；其典型代表钢带缠绕式压力容器，已被美国机械工程师学会正式列入

关键词：压力容器技术纤维复合材料钢复合材料复合薄内筒交错缠绕全双层结构抑爆抗爆

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High-affinity T cell receptors redirect cytokine-activated T cells (CAT) to kill cancer cells

Synat Kang, Yanyan Li, Yifeng Bao, Yi Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 69-82 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0677-1

摘要：

Cytokine-activated T cells (CATs) can be easily expanded and are widely applied to cancer immunotherapy. However, the good efficacy of CATs is rarely reported in clinical applications because CATs have no or very low antigen specificity. The low-efficacy problem can be resolved using T cell antigen receptor-engineered CAT (TCR-CAT). Herein, we demonstrate that NY-ESO-1_157–165 HLA-A*02:01-specific high-affinity TCR (HAT)-transduced CATs can specifically kill cancer cells with good efficacy. With low micromolar range dissociation equilibrium constants, HAT-transduced CATs showed good specificity with no off-target killing. Furthermore, the high-affinity TCR-CATs delivered significantly better activation and cytotoxicity than the equivalent TCR-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) in terms of interferon-g and granzyme B production and in vitro cancer cell killing ability. TCR-CAT may be a very good alternative to the expensive TCR-T, which is considered an effective personalized cyto-immunotherapy.

关键词： cytokine-activated T cells high-affinity T cell receptor cancer immunotherapy TCR-CAT

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A case for assessing

Ian T. RILEY

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019270

摘要： Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts— Mediterranean, semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production. The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change. Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems. Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casurinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress, and/or infertile to hostile soils. Central Anatolia, Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation. Therefore, species of and have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia. Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature, eight species were identified as being of high ( . and . ) to moderate ( . , . , . , . , . and . ) priority for assessment, with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.

关键词： actinorrhizal trees agroforestry climate change ecosystem restoration

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CAR T-cell immunotherapy: a powerful weapon for fighting hematological B-cell malignancies

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 783-804 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0904-z

摘要： The current standard of care in hematological malignancies has brought considerable clinical benefits to patients. However, important bottlenecks still limit optimal achievements following a current medical practice. The genetic complexity of the diseases and the heterogeneity of tumor clones cause difficulty in ensuring long-term efficacy of conventional treatments for most hematological disorders. Consequently, new treatment strategies are necessary to improve clinical outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) immunotherapy opens a new path for targeted therapy of hematological malignancies. In this review, through a representative case study, we summarize the current experience of CAR T-cell therapy, the management of common side effects, the causative mechanisms of therapy resistance, and new strategies to improve the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy.

关键词： CAR T cells hematological malignancies review

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Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies for acute myeloid leukemia

Bin Gu, Jianhong Chu, Depei Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 701-710 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0763-z

摘要： Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapies have achieved unprecedented efficacy in B-cell tumors, prompting scientists and doctors to exploit this strategy to treat other tumor types. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous myeloid malignancies. Relapse remains the main cause of treatment failure, especially for patients with intermediate or high risk stratification. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be an effective therapy because of the graft-versus-leukemia effect, which unfortunately puts the patient at risk of serious complications, such as graft-versus-host disease. Although the identification of an ideal target antigen for AML is challenging, CAR T therapy remains a highly promising strategy for AML patients, particularly for those who are ineligible to receive a transplantation or have positive minimal residual disease. In this review, we focus on the most recent and promising advances in CAR T therapies for AML.

关键词： acute myeloid leukemia CAR T immunotherapy