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Permitted emissions of major air pollutants from coal-fired power plants in China based on best available

Xiaohui Song, Chunlai Jiang, Yu Lei, Yuezhi Zhong, Yanchao Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1065-4

摘要：

We proposed the SO₂ and NO_xemission performance standards for coal-fired power plants based on the best available control technology.

The CFPGUs’ SO₂ emission performance reference values should be 0.34 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.13 g/kWh for newly built units and active units in key areas.

The CFPGUs’ NO_x emission performance standard reference values should be 0.35 g/kWh for active units in general areas and 0.175 g/kWh for new units and active units in key areas.

关键词： Coal-fired power-generating units (CFPGU) Emission performance Best available control technology

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Investigation on available wind energy at Tungku beach

M. G. YAZDANI, M. A. SALAM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 275-279 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0194-x

摘要： In this paper, wind velocities and directions (sea and land) are recorded in different days and times. The data collected were compared with the weather data from the Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Service (BDMS) and the findings of other researchers and were found to be in good agreement. The potential of wind energy is predicted from the available data collected. The average generated power (forenoon and afternoon) is found to be 25 (mean) and 18 W (median), 101 (mean) and 73 W (median), 912 (mean) and 660 W (median), 10137 (mean) and 7331 W (median) for a rotor with a diameter of 2.5, 5, 15 and 50 m, respectively. The power density for wind farming is found to be 0.26 (mean) and 0.19 (median), 0.31 (mean) and 0.22 (median) for the rotor whose diameter is 2.5 and 50 m, respectively, while the average values are found to be 0.28 (mean) and 0.2 (median) for the rotor whose diameter is 5 and 15 m.

关键词： wind velocity temperature tower height power density Raleigh distribution electrical power

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Screening of textile finishing agents available on the Chinese market: An important source of per- and

Mehvish Mumtaz, Yixiang Bao, Wenchao Li, Lingxiao Kong, Jun Huang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1145-0

摘要： Kendrick mass defect was used for PFASs screening in textile finishing agents (TFAs). Total oxidizable precursor assay provides insight into unknown precursors. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was found as impurity in short ECF technology based TFAs. Perfluorooctanoate was also detected in C6 telomerization based TFAs. Long chain precursors were also observed in both types of TFAs. Organofluorinated surfactants are widely employed in textile finishing agents (TFAs) to achieve oil, water, and stain repellency. This has been regarded as an important emission source of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to the environment. China is the biggest manufacturer of clothes, and thus TFA production is also a relevant industrial activity. Nevertheless, to date, no survey has been conducted on PFAS contents in commercially available TFAs. In the present study, TFA products were investigated by the Kendrick mass defect method. The quantification results demonstrated a significant presence of perfluorooctane sulfonate (0.37 mg/L) in TFAs manufactured by electrochemical fluorination technology. The products obtained by short-chain PFAS-based telomerization were dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (mean concentration: 0.29 mg/L), whose values exceeded the limits stated in the European Chemical Agency guidelines (0.025 mg/L). Moreover, the total oxidizable precursor assay indicated high levels of indirectly quantified precursors with long alkyl chains (C7–C9). Together, these results suggest that there is currently a certain of environmental and health risks in China that originates from the utilization of TFAs, and a better manufacturing processes are required to reduce such risks.

关键词： Textile finishing agents Kendrick mass defect Total oxidizable precursor assay

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Analysis on shear capacity of prestressed concrete spatial connections

XUE Weichen, LIU Zhenyong, JIANG Dongsheng

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 309-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0052-4

摘要： Based on experimental results of prestressed concrete spatial connections, nonlinear finite element models were established to analyze the shear capacity of spatial connections and parametric studies were performed using ANSYS. It is found that the shear capacity of spatial connection is influenced by joint hoop, beam prestress, column compressive load, and direction of resultant shear force. The parametric studies also indicate that the shear capacity of spatial connection under biaxial cyclic loading is lower than that of corresponding connections under plane loading. A design formula for calculating the shear capacity of spatial connections is proposed based on the parametric studies and verified by the available test results.

关键词： available direction nonlinear capacity compressive

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电解锰行业污染防治最佳可行技术评估及污染减排潜力

李旭华,方刚,党春阁,于秀玲

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第3期页码 56-61

摘要：

电解锰行业废水排放量大，污染物浓度高，属于高污染行业，是我国实现污染物控制减排的主要威胁之一。通过对电解锰行业污染防治现状进行分析，构建了污染防治技术评估指标体系，利用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重，利用综合评价值法对电解锰行业污染防治技术进行了评估。在此基础上，利用自底向上模型对评估出的最佳可行技术的污染减排潜力进行预测。结果表明，与基准年2010年相比，2015年电解锰行业废水排放总量可削减270多万吨，氨氮减排6.6×104 t，减排回收的锰和重铬酸钾可分别达到1.9×105 t和3.747×107 t，锰渣减排4×106 t；同时也表明清洁生产技术减排的能力高于末端治理技术减排，清洁生产技术具有较大的推广普及潜力。

关键词：电解锰污染防治最佳可行技术减排潜力

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Liver surgery and transplantation in China: Progress and Challenges

LAU W Y, LAI E C H

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 1-5 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0001-y

摘要： From the limited but available information, we traced the history of developments of liver surgery and transplantation in China. Liver surgery first started in the late 1950s in China, and it soon flourished mainly because of the great demand in liver surgery and the emergence of a number of giants in liver surgery. We recognized and honoured the important contributions of these Chinese pioneers in portal hypertension, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation.

关键词： transplantation pyogenic cholangitis available information important hypertension

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The stem cell and tissue engineering research in Chinese ophthalmology

GE Jian, LIU Jingbo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 6-10 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0002-x

摘要： Much has been considerably developed recently in the ophthalmic research of stem cell (SC) and tissue engineering (TE). They have become closer to the clinical practice, standardized and observable. Leading edge research of SC and TE on the ocular surface reconstruction, neuroregeneration and protection, and natural animal model has become increasingly available. However, challenges remain on the way, especially on the aspects of function reconstruction and specific differentiation. This paper reviews the new developments in this area with an intention of identifying research priorities for the future.

关键词： available observable neuroregeneration protection function reconstruction

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Tracking control of robot manipulators via output feedback linearization

FEI Yue-nong, Wu Qing-hua

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 329-335 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0034-y

摘要： This paper presents a robot manipulator tracking controller based on output feedback linearization. A sliding mode perturbation observer (SPO) is designed to estimate unmeasurable states and system perturbations that involve system nonlinearities, disturbances and unmodelled dynamics. The use of SPO allows to input/output linearize and decouple the strongly coupled nonlinear robot manipulator system merely by the feedback of joint angles. The controller design does not need an accurate model of the robot manipulator. Simulation studies are undertaken based on a two-link robot manipulator to evaluate the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the proposed controller has more superior tracking control performance, with payload changing in a wide range, in comparison with a sliding mode controller (SMC) designed based on state feedback linearization with full states available.

关键词： available comparison unmeasurable nonlinear perturbation observer

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Available energy analysis of new tandem double-capillary tube refrigeration system for refrigerator-freezers

HE Maogang, ZHANG Ying, SONG Xinzhou, ZHANG Jiantao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 36-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0013-6

摘要： A new tandem double-capillary tube refrigeration system for refrigerator-freezers is proposed. A capillary tube was added between the two evaporators in the fresh and frozen food storage chests to raise the evaporation temperature of the refrigerating chamber, and reduce the heat exchange temperature difference and the available energy loss. Peng-Robinson (P-R) equation of state was adopted to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants, and the available energy analysis of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle was programmed to calculate the thermodynamic performances of the new and the conventional refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator-freezer. The calculation results show that the available energy efficiency of the conventional refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator-freezer is 21.20% and 20.57%, respectively when the refrigerant is R12 and R134a, while that of the double-capillary tube refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator-freezer is 23.97% and 23.44%, respectively. By comparison, the available energy efficiency of the new refrigeration system increases by 13.07% and 13.95%, respectively.

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The clinicopathologic features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas

QIN Xinyu, LIU Fenglin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 121-125 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0023-5

摘要： Since first described in 1982, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) has been the preferred term to describe the proliferation of the pancreatic ductal epithelium. It is totally different from pancreatic carcinoma in epi demiology, histology, pathology and prognosis. According to the site of involvement, IPMNs are classified into three categories, i.e. main duct type, branch duct type, and combined type. Most branch duct IPMNs are benign, whereas the other two types are often malignant. A large branch duct IPMN and marked dilation of the main pancreatic duct indicate the presence of adenoma at least. The additional existence of large mural nodules increases the possibility of malignancy in all types. The prognosis is more favorable after complete resection of benign and non-invasive malignant IPMNs. Malignant IPMNs that become more aggressive after parenchymal invasion necessitate adequate lymph node dissection. On the other hand, asymptomatic branch duct IPMNs without mural nodules can be observed without the need for resection for a considerable period of time. Our review addresses available data, current understanding, controversy, and future directions about IPMNs.

关键词： available additional existence necessitate intraductal papillary non-invasive

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可拓检测的方案生成

余永权,张吉文

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第1期页码 64-68

摘要：

以可拓学理论为基础，论述了可拓检测的有关定义和概念，提出了可拓检测的方案生成方法及过程，同时探讨了检测方法的优化和评价方法。

关键词：检测物元检测元拓集可拓树

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Shock wave of vapor-liquid two-phase flow

ZHAO Liangju, GAO Hong, TANG Jingwen, YUAN Yuexiang, WANG Fei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 344-347 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0065-7

摘要： The shock wave of vapor-liquid two-phase flow in a pressure-gain steam injector is studied by building a mathematic model and making calculations. The results show that after the shock, the vapor is nearly completely condensed. The upstream Mach number and the volume ratio of vapor have a great effect on the shock. The pressure and Mach number of two-phase shock conform to the shock of ideal gas. The analysis of available energy shows that the shock is an irreversible process with entropy increase.

关键词： available mathematic conform vapor-liquid two-phase analysis

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Heat transfer in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler

CHENG Leming, WANG Qinhui, SHI Zhenglun, LUO Zhongyang, NI Mingjiang, CEN Kefa

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 477-482 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0071-5

摘要： Heat transfer of a furnace in a large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler was studied based on the analysis of available heat transfer coefficient data from typical industrial CFB boilers and measured data from a 12 MW

关键词： available coefficient industrial large-scale circulating analysis

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Enhancing power transfer capability through flexible AC transmission system devices: a review

Fadi M. ALBATSH,Saad MEKHILEF,Shameem AHMAD,H. MOKHLIS,M. A. HASSAN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第8期页码 658-678 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500019

摘要： Global demand for power has significantly increased, but power generation and transmission capacities have not increased proportionally with this demand. As a result, power consumers suffer from various problems, such as voltage and frequency instability and power quality issues. To overcome these problems, the capacity for available power transfer of a transmission network should be enhanced. Researchers worldwide have addressed this issue by using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. We have conducted a comprehensive review of how FACTS controllers are used to enhance the available transfer capability (ATC) and power transfer capability (PTC) of power system networks. This review includes a discussion of the classification of different FACTS devices according to different factors. The popularity and applications of these devices are discussed together with relevant statistics. The operating principles of six major FACTS devices and their application in increasing ATC and PTC are also presented. Finally, we evaluate the performance of FACTS devices in ATC and PTC improvement with respect to different control algorithms.

关键词： FACTS devices Available transfer capability Power transfer capability Artificial intelligence

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氮肥行业氨氮工程减排技术评估方法研究与应用

骆其金,谌建宇,王振兴,庞志华,叶万生

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 88-92

摘要：

根据国家“十二五”氨氮总量控制和典型行业氨氮减排的技术需求，本文选择氮肥工业作为典型，研究共性的工程减排技术决策方法。针对目前国内环境技术评估以定性判断为主，缺乏可操作性强的综合评估方法的状况，提出了以费用效益分析为核心，层次分析+灰色关联度为次重因素的综合评估新方法，确定了该评估方法的数学模型和过程算法，并结合实例进行分析计算和验证。

关键词：氨氮总量控制综合评估