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Biomechanics of knee joint – A review

Bhaskar Kumar MADETI,Srinivasa Rao CHALAMALASETTI,S K Sundara siva rao BOLLA PRAGADA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第2期页码 176-186 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0306-x

摘要：

The present paper is to know how the work is carried out in the field of biomechanics of knee. Various model formulations are discussed and further classified into mathematical model, two-dimensional model and three-dimensional model. Knee geometry is a crucial part of human body movement, in which how various views of knee is shown in different planes and how the forces act on tibia and femur are studied. It leads to know the forces acting on the knee joint. Experimental studies of knee geometry and forces acting on knee shown by various researchers have been discussed, and comparisons of results are made. In addition, static and dynamic analysis of knee has been also discussed respectively to some extent.

关键词： biomechanics knee geometry ligaments squat femorotibial joint finite element method

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An experimental characterization of human torso motion

Daniele CAFOLLA,I-Ming CHEN,Marco CECCARELLI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第4期页码 311-325 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0352-z

摘要：

The torso plays an important role in the human-like operation of humanoids. In this paper, a method is proposed to analyze the behavior of the human torso by using inertial and magnetic sensing tools. Experiments are conducted to characterize the motion performance of the human torso during daily routine operations. Furthermore, the forces acting on the human body during these operations are evaluated to design and validate the performance of a humanoid robot.

关键词： experimental biomechanics human torso analysis inertial sensor characterization

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Modeling and simulation of normal and hemiparetic gait

Lely A. LUENGAS,Esperanza CAMARGO,Giovanni SANCHEZ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第10卷第3期页码 233-241 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0343-0

摘要：

Gait is the collective term for the two types of bipedal locomotion, walking and running. This paper is focused on walking. The analysis of human gait is of interest to many different disciplines, including biomechanics, human-movement science, rehabilitation and medicine in general. Here we present a new model that is capable of reproducing the properties of walking, normal and pathological. The aim of this paper is to establish the biomechanical principles that underlie human walking by using Lagrange method. The constraint forces of Rayleigh dissipation function, through which to consider the effect on the tissues in the gait, are included. Depending on the value of the factor present in the Rayleigh dissipation function, both normal and pathological gait can be simulated. First of all, we apply it in the normal gait and then in the permanent hemiparetic gait. Anthropometric data of adult person are used by simulation, and it is possible to use anthropometric data for children but is necessary to consider existing table of anthropometric data. Validation of these models includes simulations of passive dynamic gait that walk on level ground. The dynamic walking approach provides a new perspective of gait analysis, focusing on the kinematics and kinetics of gait. There have been studies and simulations to show normal human gait, but few of them have focused on abnormal, especially hemiparetic gait. Quantitative comparisons of the model predictions with gait measurements show that the model can reproduce the significant characteristics of normal gait.

关键词： bipedal gait biomechanics dynamic walking gait model human gait hemiparetic human gait

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Characterization of the surface and interfacial properties of the lamina splendens

Joe T. REXWINKLE, Heather K. HUNT, Ferris M. PFEIFFER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第2期页码 234-252 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0409-2

摘要：

Joint disease affects approximately 52.5 million patients in the United States alone, costing 80.8 billion USD in direct healthcare costs. The development of treatment programs for joint disease and trauma requires accurate assessment of articular cartilage degradation. The articular cartilage is the interfacial tissue between articulating surfaces, such as bones, and acts as low-friction interfaces. Damage to the lamina splendens, which is the articular cartilage’s topmost layer, is an early indicator of joint degradation caused by injury or disease. By gaining comprehensive knowledge on the lamina splendens, particularly its structure and interfacial properties, researchers could enhance the accuracy of human and animal biomechanical models, as well as develop appropriate biomimetic materials for replacing damaged articular cartilage, thereby leading to rational treatment programs for joint disease and injury. Previous studies that utilize light, electron, and force microscopy techniques have found that the lamina splendens is composed of collagen fibers oriented parallel to the cartilage surface and encased in a proteoglycan matrix. Such orientation maximizes wear resistance and proteoglycan retention while promoting the passage of nutrients and synovial fluid. Although the structure of the lamina splendens has been explored in the literature, the low-friction interface of this tissue remains only partially characterized. Various functional models are currently available for the interface, such as pure boundary lubrication, thin films exuded under pressure, and sheets of trapped proteins. Recent studies suggest that each of these lubrication models has certain advantages over one another. Further research is needed to fully model the interface of this tissue. In this review, we summarize the methods for characterizing the lamina splendens and the results of each method. This paper aims to serve as a resource for existing studies to date and a roadmap of the investigations needed to gain further insight into the lamina splendens and the progression of joint disease.

关键词： cartilage lamina splendens characterization biomechanics orthopaedic review

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增材制造技术在假肢矫形器领域的应用 Review

王岩, 谭启涛, 蒲放, David Boone, 张明

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第11期页码 1258-1266 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.019

摘要：

假肢和矫形器是常见的用以代偿或补偿机体障碍人士功能需求的辅助设备。假肢矫形器的传统制造方法是一个耗时且劳动密集的过程，并存在严重的材料浪费问题。这些问题随着增材制造（AM）技术的发展和应用迎刃而解。人们已经进行了大量的理论和实践尝试，但将该技术真正用以制造假肢矫形器并满足临床需要还存在很大挑战。现存的挑战之一是缺乏一个集成AM技术和操作过程的系统框架。另外，如何基于该技术设计出同时满足功能性和舒适性需求的产品也是待解决的问题。本研究回顾了AM技术在制造假肢矫形器方面的应用现状，并对基于计算分析的产品优化设计方法和生物力学评估做了讨论。我们还设计了一个系统框架，该框架融合了从目标肢体的医学影像扫描到高适配性能产品的全过程。该过程还包含了用有限元方法进行产品优化设计和生物力学评估的环节。一个完善的系统框架能够高效地制造出满足生物力学性能需求的产品，从而大大促进AM技术在假肢矫形器领域中的应用。

关键词：增材制造肌肉骨骼系统生物力学计算模型假肢矫形器 3D打印