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期刊论文 29

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Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 884-900 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0912-3

摘要： Groundwater leakage in shield tunnels poses a threat to the safety and durability of tunnel structures. Disturbance of adjacent constructions during the operation of shield tunnels frequently occurs in China, leading to deformation of tunnel lining and leakage in joints. Understanding the impact of adjacent constructions on the waterproofing performance of the lining is critical for the protection of shield tunnels. In this study, the weakening behavior of waterproof performance was investigated in the joints of shield tunnels under transverse deformation induced by adjacent construction. First, the relationship between the joint opening and transverse deformation under three typical adjacent constructions (upper loading, upper excavation, and side excavation) was investigated via elaborate numerical simulations. Subsequently, the evolution of the waterproof performance of a common gasket with a joint opening was examined by establishing a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian model of joint seepage, and a formula describing the relationship between waterproof performance and joint opening was proposed. Finally, the weakening law of waterproofing performance was investigated based on the results of the aforementioned studies. It was determined that the joints with the greatest decline in waterproof performance were located at the tunnel shoulder in the upper loading case, tunnel crown in the upper excavation case, and tunnel shoulder in the side excavation case. When the waterproof performance of these joints decreased to 50% and 30%, the transverse deformations were 60 and 90 mm under upper loading, 90 and 140 mm under upper excavation, and 45 and 70 mm under side excavation, respectively. The results provide a straightforward reference for setting a controlled deformation standard considering the waterproof performance.

关键词： shield tunnel     waterproof performance     horizontal transverse deformation     joint opening     weakening behavior    

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铁路隧道建设理念和设计原则

王梦恕,张梅

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第12期   页码 4-8

摘要：

铁路隧道的建设正处于前所未有的大发展时期，笔者在总结大量工程成功经验和失败教训的基础上提出了铁路隧道建设的基本理念：隧道必须建成遗产工程；隧道必须进行科学的风险评估；隧道建设必须合理工期、合理造价、合理合同、合理施工方案和设计原则；隧道必须进行信息化施工。提出了单双线隧道选择、隧道纵坡及辅助导洞设置、支护结构设计以及快速施工等隧道设计原则。隧道建设的理念和设计原则可指导今后铁路隧道的规划、设计和施工。

关键词： 铁路隧道     建设理念     设计原则    

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Damage on lining concrete in highway tunnels under combined sulfate and chloride attack

Rongrong YIN, Chenchen ZHANG, Qing WU, Baocheng LI, He XIE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 331-340 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0421-y

摘要：

The combined effect from sulfate and chloride is one of the important reasons to cause the damage of lining concrete in highway tunnels. To investigate the effect of chloride ions on the corrosion of lining concretes under sulfate attack, ultrasonic detecting, compression test and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed on the concretes to obtain the ultrasonic velocity, corrosion thickness, compression strength and corrosion products. The ultrasonic results, compression strength and XRD patterns confirmed that the existence of chloride certainly depressed the corrosion damage on the lining concretes under sulfate attack, and the depressing effect increased with the content of chloride in the composite solution. The corrosion damage on the concretes experienced three stages independent of the composition of corrosive solution: initial slower enhancement on the strength, stabilization period and linear degradation period. The existence of chloride mainly affected the final degradation stage and obviously decreased the corrosion thickness.

关键词： lining concrete     sulfate     chloride     compression     ultrasonic    

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Structural design and mechanical responses of closely spaced super-span double tunnels in strongly weathered

Jiaxin HE; Shaohui HE; Xiabing LIU; Jinlei ZHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 685-703 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0824-2

摘要： This paper presents a study of closely spaced double tunnels in Taizhou, China. One is Xiabei Mountain No. 2 four-line super-span high-speed railway tunnel (HRT), and the other is Xiabei Mountain double-line large-span subway tunnel (ST). The excavation spans of HRT and ST are 26.3 and 14 m, respectively. The two tunnels are located at different levels, and their separating distance is 17.2 m. Due to the short construction period, the HRT excavation was completed earlier than ST. The structural design of the HRT, taking account of the disturbance by the ST construction, was analyzed by a numerical simulation. It was found that the “yielding principle” design was more feasible than the “resistance principle” design when considering the safety and durability of the HRT secondary lining. The mechanical responses of the HRT during ST construction were comprehensively monitored and analyzed, including the vault settlement, horizontal convergence, surrounding rock pressure, and the internal stress in shotcrete and steel arch. Results show that the longitudinal influence range of the ST construction on the HRT was approximately 0.6–1.1 times the ST outer diameter; the disturbance was mainly generated in the ST upper bench excavation; and the final axial force of the HRT shotcrete was approximately 9–16 times that of the steel arch, which indicated that the shotcrete was the main bearing structure. The safety status of the HRT was assessed based on the monitoring data, and the minimum safety factors of the HRT shotcrete and steel arch were 1.61 and 1.89, respectively. Parametric studies were performed to show how the lining stress of HRT was affected by the relative angle, pillar width, ST excavation method and excavation footage. Finally, the design and construction optimization were proposed according to the monitoring data and parameter analysis results. This study might provide practical reference for similar projects.

关键词： double tunnels     super-span     structural design     mechanical response     numerical simulation     field monitoring    

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Efficient Identification of water conveyance tunnels siltation based on ensemble deep learning

Xinbin WU; Junjie LI; Linlin WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 564-575 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0829-x

摘要： The inspection of water conveyance tunnels plays an important role in water diversion projects. Siltation is an essential factor threatening the safety of water conveyance tunnels. Accurate and efficient identification of such siltation can reduce risks and enhance safety and reliability of these projects. The remotely operated vehicle (ROV) can detect such siltation. However, it needs to improve its intelligent recognition of image data it obtains. This paper introduces the idea of ensemble deep learning. Based on the VGG16 network, a compact convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed as a primary learner, called Silt-net, which is used to identify the siltation images. At the same time, the fully-connected network is applied as the meta-learner, and stacking ensemble learning is combined with the outputs of the primary classifiers to obtain satisfactory classification results. Finally, several evaluation metrics are used to measure the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results on the siltation dataset show that the classification accuracy of the proposed method reaches 97.2%, which is far better than the accuracy of other classifiers. Furthermore, the proposed method can weigh the accuracy and model complexity on a platform with limited computing resources.

关键词： water conveyance tunnels     siltation images     remotely operated vehicles     deep learning     ensemble learning     computer vision    

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Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0966-x

摘要： Based on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.

关键词： anti-fault effect     engineering measures     LRAF method     stress and displacement field     tunnel-crossing active faults    

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Centrifuge experiments for shallow tunnels at active reverse fault intersection

Mehdi SABAGH, Abbas GHALANDARZADEH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 731-745 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0614-7

摘要： Tunnels extend in large stretches with continuous lengths of up to hundreds of kilometers which are vulnerable to faulting in earthquake-prone areas. Assessing the interaction of soil and tunnel at an intersection with an active fault during an earthquake can be a beneficial guideline for tunnel design engineers. Here, a series of 4 centrifuge tests are planned and tested on continuous tunnels. Dip-slip surface faulting in reverse mechanism of 60-degree is modeled by a fault simulator box in a quasi-static manner. Failure mechanism, progression and locations of damages to the tunnels are assessed through a gradual increase in Permanent Ground Displacement (PGD). The ground surface deformations and strains, fault surface trace, fault scarp and the sinkhole caused by fault movement are observed here. These ground surface deformations are major threats to stability, safety and serviceability of the structures. According to the observations, the modeled tunnels are vulnerable to reverse fault rupture and but the functionality loss is not abrupt, and the tunnel will be able to tolerate some fault displacements. By monitoring the progress of damage states by increasing PGD, the fragility curves corresponding to each damage state were plotted and interpreted in related figures.

关键词： reverse fault rupture     continuous tunnel     geotechnical centrifuge     ground surface deformations     fragility curves    

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Comparative study on foundation treatment methods of immersed tunnels in China

Shaochun WANG, Xuehui ZHANG, Yun BAI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 82-93 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0575-x

摘要： Based on engineering practices of four typical traffic immersed tunnels built in China, this paper details the features of the four dominant foundation treatment methods for immersed tunnel construction: pile foundation, sand flow foundation, grouting foundation, and gravel bedding foundation. Subsoil stress time-history of different method are specified first, plus a summary of settlement assessment method for foundation quality control. Further, a comprehensive comparison of settlement and cost of these four foundation treatment methods is conducted to highlights the specific merits, disadvantages and conditions encountered in each foundation treatment method, based on real projects information. The findings of this article could henceforth be applied to foundation treatment work in immersed tube tunnel construction.

关键词： foundation treatment method     immersed tunnel     subsoil stress     settlement    

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Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 870-883 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0977-7

摘要： Prefabricated internal structures of road tunnels, consisting of precast elements and the connections between them, provide advantages in terms of quality control and manufacturing costs. However, the limited construction space in tunnels creates challenges for on-site assembly. To identify feasible connecting joints, flexural tests of precast straight beams connected by welding-spliced or lap-spliced reinforcements embedded in normal concrete or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) are first performed and analyzed. With an improvement in the strength grade of the closure concrete for the lap-spliced joint, the failure of the beam transforms from a brittle splitting mode to a ductile flexural mode. The beam connected by UHPFRC100 with short lap-spliced reinforcements can achieve almost equivalent mechanical performance in terms of the bearing capacity, ductility, and stiffness as the beam connected by normal concrete with welding-spliced reinforcements. This favorable solution is then applied to the connection of neighboring updeck slabs resting on columns in a double-deck tunnel. The applicability is validated by flexural tests of T-shaped joints, which, fail in a ductile fashion dominated by the ultimate bearing capacity of the precast elements, similar to the corresponding straight beam. The utilization of UHPFRC significantly reduces the required lap-splice length of reinforcements owing to its strong bonding strength.

关键词： UHPFRC     prefabricated updeck     road tunnel     lap-spliced rebars     flexural tests    

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Impacts of opening baffle of city road tunnels on natural ventilation performance

Weixiao YANG, Jincheng XING, Jianxing LI, Jihong LING, Haixian HAO, Zhiqiang YAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 55-61 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0194-x

摘要： Based on the opening baffle mode for natural ventilation of city road tunnels, this paper studies the impacts of opening baffle on natural ventilation performance by verifying numerical simulation through model tests. By analyzing the impacts of installation angle, dimension, location, and quantity of opening baffle on ventilation performance, the paper reached the conclusions as follows: 1) When installation angle is larger than 45° and tunnel ventilation is well operated, the baffle exhaust could increase by at least 30% compared to when there is no baffle. 2) The baffle reaches its optimal performance when the length of the baffle is equal to the width of the city road tunnels. 3) Baffle exhaust could increase by 30% when it is installed in the downstream of openings. 4) The performance of a single baffle is better than that of multiple baffles.

关键词： city road tunnel     numerical simulation     baffle     top opening     natural ventilation    

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Three-dimensional finite difference analysis of shallow sprayed concrete tunnels crossing a reverse fault

Masoud RANJBARNIA, Milad ZAHERI, Daniel DIAS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 998-1011 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0621-8

摘要： Urban tunnels crossing faults are always at the risk of severe damages. In this paper, the effects of a reverse and a normal fault movement on a transversely crossing shallow shotcreted tunnel are investigated by 3D finite difference analysis. After verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation predictions with the centrifuge physical model results, a parametric study is then conducted. That is, the effects of various parameters such as the sprayed concrete thickness, the geo-mechanical properties of soil, the tunnel depth, and the fault plane dip angle are studied on the displacements of the ground surface and the tunnel structure, and on the plastic strains of the soil mass around tunnel. The results of each case of reverse and normal faulting are independently discussed and then compared with each other. It is obtained that deeper tunnels show greater displacements for both types of faulting.

关键词： urban tunnel     sprayed concrete     reverse fault     normal fault     finite difference analysis    

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Cohesive zone model-based analyses of localized leakage of segmentally lined tunnels

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 503-521 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0927-4

摘要： This paper presents a novel approach for simulating the localized leakage behavior of segmentally lined tunnels based on a cohesive zone model. The proposed approach not only simulates localized leakage at the lining segment, but also captures the hydromechanically coupled seepage behavior at the segmental joints. It is first verified via a tunnel drainage experiment, which reveals its merits over the existing local hydraulic conductivity method. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the aperture size, stratum permeability, and spatial distribution of drainage holes on the leakage behavior, stratum seepage field, and leakage-induced mechanical response of the tunnel lining. The proposed approach yields more accurate results than the classical local hydraulic conductivity method. Moreover, it is both computationally efficient and stable. Localized leakage leads to reduced local ground pressure, which further induces outward deformation near the leakage point and slight inward deformation at its diametrically opposite side. A localized stress arch spanning across the leakage point is observed, which manifests as the rotation of the principal stresses in the adjacent area. The seepage field depends on both the number and location of the leakage zones. Pseudostatic seepage zones, in which the seepage rate is significantly lower than that of the adjacent area, appear when multiple seepage zones are considered. Finally, the importance of employing the hydromechanical coupled mechanism at the segment joints is highlighted by cases of shallowly buried tunnels subjected to surface loading and pressure tunnels while considering internal water pressure.

关键词： segmentally lined tunnel     localized leakage     cohesive element     hydraulic behavior     numerical modeling    

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超小间距非对称浅埋隧道施工监控量测及分析

王云龙,谭忠盛,陈鹰

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第11期   页码 24-28

摘要：

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道团岛段小间距隧道为例，通过现场监测结果分析了小间距非对称浅埋隧道的围岩压力特征及支护受力，结果表明该隧道后行洞围岩压力及支护受力都较大，这种结果有别于大部分小间距对称隧道的理论预测及实测结果。为有效缓解这些问题，对支护参数进行及时调整，增强后行洞的径向支护能力并对中间岩柱采取加固措施。继后施工中的监测结果显示，后行洞的稳定性得到了有效的控制，为类似小间距隧道的设计和施工提供了借鉴和参考。

关键词： 隧道     超小间距     非对称     浅埋     监测    

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Quantitatively assessing the pre-grouting effect on the stability of tunnels excavated in fault

Xiao YAN, Zizheng SUN, Shucai LI, Rentai LIU, Qingsong ZHANG, Yiming ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第6期   页码 1393-1404 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0563-1

摘要： Pre-grouting is a popular ground treatment strategy utilized to enhance the strength and stability of strata during the excavation of a tunnel through a fault zone. Two important questions need to be answered during such an excavation. First, how should the grouting size be determined? Second, when should excavation begin after grouting? These two questions are conventionally addressed through empirical experience and standard criteria because a reliable quantitative approach, which would be preferable, has not yet been developed. To address these questions, we apply a recently proposed numerical approach known as discontinuity layout optimization, an efficient node-based upper bound limit analysis method. A case study is provided utilizing a tunnel located in a stratum characterized by complicated geological conditions, including soft soil and a fault zone. The factor of safety is used to quantitatively assess the stability of the tunnel section. The influences of the grouted zone thickness and the time-dependent material properties of the grouted zone on the stability of the tunnel section are evaluated, thereby assisting designers by quantitatively assessing the effects of pre-grouting.

关键词： pre-grouting     stability analysis     factor of safety     discontinuity layout optimization    

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跨地铁运营隧道的地下空间施工组合技术研究 Article

陈湘生

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第1期   页码 103-111 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.08.001

摘要：
既有地铁运营隧道对地下空间的强烈分割效应，导致城市繁华地段的地下空间难以有效充分开发，本文提出了以变形缓冲层、特殊注浆技术、小分仓跳挖及门式框反压技术为核心的一整套针对跨地铁运营隧道的地下空间施工组合技术。这些技术在实际工程中的成功应用，解决了跨地铁运营隧道的地下空间合理利用中的重大技术难题，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益，具有重要的推广应用前景与价值。

关键词： 地铁运营隧道     地下空间     施工     组合技术    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

期刊论文

铁路隧道建设理念和设计原则

王梦恕,张梅

期刊论文

Damage on lining concrete in highway tunnels under combined sulfate and chloride attack

Rongrong YIN, Chenchen ZHANG, Qing WU, Baocheng LI, He XIE

期刊论文

Structural design and mechanical responses of closely spaced super-span double tunnels in strongly weathered

Jiaxin HE; Shaohui HE; Xiabing LIU; Jinlei ZHENG

期刊论文

Efficient Identification of water conveyance tunnels siltation based on ensemble deep learning

Xinbin WU; Junjie LI; Linlin WANG

期刊论文

Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels

期刊论文

Centrifuge experiments for shallow tunnels at active reverse fault intersection

Mehdi SABAGH, Abbas GHALANDARZADEH

期刊论文

Comparative study on foundation treatment methods of immersed tunnels in China

Shaochun WANG, Xuehui ZHANG, Yun BAI

期刊论文

Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance

期刊论文

Impacts of opening baffle of city road tunnels on natural ventilation performance

Weixiao YANG, Jincheng XING, Jianxing LI, Jihong LING, Haixian HAO, Zhiqiang YAN

期刊论文

Three-dimensional finite difference analysis of shallow sprayed concrete tunnels crossing a reverse fault

Masoud RANJBARNIA, Milad ZAHERI, Daniel DIAS

期刊论文

Cohesive zone model-based analyses of localized leakage of segmentally lined tunnels

期刊论文

超小间距非对称浅埋隧道施工监控量测及分析

王云龙,谭忠盛,陈鹰

期刊论文

Quantitatively assessing the pre-grouting effect on the stability of tunnels excavated in fault

Xiao YAN, Zizheng SUN, Shucai LI, Rentai LIU, Qingsong ZHANG, Yiming ZHANG

期刊论文

跨地铁运营隧道的地下空间施工组合技术研究

陈湘生

期刊论文