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转录因子HNF1A、HNF4A和FOXA2调节肝细胞蛋白质N-糖基化 Article

Vedrana Vičić Bočkor,Nika Foglar,Goran Josipović,Marija Klasić,Ana Vujić,Branimir Plavša,Toma Keser,Samira Smajlović,Aleksandar Vojta,Vlatka Zoldoš

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 58-69 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.019

摘要：

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), and forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) are key transcription factors that regulate a complex gene network in the liver, creating a regulatory transcriptional loop. The Encode and ChIP-Atlas databases identify the recognition sites of these transcription factors in many glycosyltransferase genes. Our in silico analysis of HNF1A, HNF4A, and FOXA2 binding to the 10 candidate glyco-genes studied in this work confirms a significant enrichment of these transcription factors specifically in the liver. Our previous studies identified HNF1A as a master regulator of fucosylation, glycan branching, and galactosylation of plasma glycoproteins. Here, we aimed to functionally validate the role of the three transcription factors on downstream glyco-gene transcriptional expression and the possible effect on glycan phenotype. We used the state-of-the-art clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/dead Cas9 (CRISPR/dCas9) molecular tool for the downregulation of the HNF1A, HNF4A, and FOXA2 genes in HepG2 cells—a human liver cancer cell line. The results show that the downregulation of all three genes individually and in pairs affects the transcriptional activity of many glyco-genes, although downregulation of glyco-genes was not always followed by an unambiguous change in the corresponding glycan structures. The effect is better seen as an overall change in the total HepG2 N-glycome, primarily due to the extension of biantennary glycans. We propose an alternative way to evaluate the N-glycome composition via estimating the overall complexity of the glycome by quantifying the number of monomers in each glycan structure. We also propose a model showing feedback loops with the mutual activation of HNF1A–FOXA2 and HNF4A–FOXA2 affecting glyco-genes and protein glycosylation in HepG2 cells.

关键词： Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/dead Cas9 (CRISPR/dCas9)     Epigenetics     Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1A)     Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A)     Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2)     N-glycosylation     HepG2 cells    

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人工智能加速GPCR配体的发现 Review

陈伟, 宋驰, 冷梁, 张三印, 陈士林

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 19-29 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.011

摘要：

G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）在多种生理过程中发挥着关键作用，是新药发现的重要靶标。然而，传统的GPCR配体发现方法需要投入大量的时间和资源。人工智能方法的出现为GPCR配体的识别和优化提供了有利的工具，改变了GPCR配体发现的研究方式。本文从数据资源、数据描述、模型设计等方面介绍了如何利用人工智能方法构建GPCR配体发现模型，并分析了人工智能方法在GPCR药物领域的应用；提出了一种基于人工智能方法整合多组学数据的GPCR配体筛选策略；探讨了人工智能方法在GPCR研究领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向。人工智能方法与多学科的交叉融合将提高GPCR配体发现的效率。

关键词： G蛋白偶联受体     配体     人工智能     多组学     药物发现    

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基于5 μm厚向列相液晶的高效圆极化相控阵系统的设计、校准和实验验证 Article

Xin Yu Wu,Fengshuo Wan,Hongyuan Feng,Shichao Jin,Chong Guo,Yu Wei,Dunge Liu,Yuqian Yang,Longzhu Cai,Zhi Hao Jiang,Wei Hong

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 70-82 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.08.013

摘要：

This paper presents a systematic investigation and demonstration of a K-band circularly polarized liquid-crystal-based phased array (LCPA), including the design, over-the-air (OTA) in-array calibration, and experimental validation. The LCPA contains 16 phase-shifting radiating channels, each consisting of a circularly polarized stacked patch antenna and a liquid-crystal-based phase shifter (LCPS) based on a loaded differential line structure. Thanks to its slow-wave properties, the LCPS exhibits a maximum phase-shifting range of more than 360° with a figure of merit of 78.3°·dB−1 based on a liquid crystal layer with a thickness of only 5 μm. Furthermore, an automatic OTA calibration based on a state ergodic method is proposed, which enables the extraction of the phase–voltage curve of every individual LCPA channel. The proposed LCPA is manufactured and characterized with a total profile of only 1.76 mm, experimentally demonstrating a scanned circularly polarized beam from −40° to +40° with a measured peak gain of 12.5 dBic and a scanning loss of less than 2.5 dB. The bandwidth of the LCPA, which satisfies the requirements of port reflection (|S11|) < −15 dB, an axial ratio (AR) < 3 dB, beam squinting < 3°, and a gain variation < 2.2 dB, spans from 25.5 to 26.0 GHz. The total efficiency is about 34%, which represents a new state of the art. The use of the demonstrated low-profile LCPA to support circularly polarized scanning beams, along with the systematic design and calibration methodology, holds potential promise for a variety of millimeter-wave applications.

关键词： Circularly polarized     Liquid crystal     Liquid-crystal-based phased array (LCPA)     Phase shifter     Over-the-air (OTA) calibration    

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堆石混凝土坝概述及下一代混凝土坝施工技术展望 Review

Feng Jin, Duruo Huang, Michel Lino, Hu Zhou

《工程（英文）》 2024年 第32卷 第1期   页码 100-106 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.020

摘要：

Over the past few decades, one of the most significant advances in dam construction has been the invention of the rock-filled concrete (RFC) dam, which is constructed by pouring high-performance selfcompacting concrete (HSCC) to fill the voids in preplaced large rocks.   The innovative use of large rocks in dam construction provides engineers with a material that requires less cement consumption and hydration heat while enhancing construction efficiency and environmental friendliness.   However, two fundamental scientific issues related to RFC need to be addressed: namely, the pouring compactness and the effect of large rocks on the mechanical and physical properties of RFC.   This article provides a timely review of fundamental research and innovations in the design, construction, and quality control of RFC dams.   Prospects for next-generation concrete dams are discussed from the perspectives of environmental
friendliness, intrinsic safety, and labor savings.

关键词： Rock-filled concrete dam     Pouring compactness     Effect of large rocks     Intelligent quality control     Unmanned dam construction    

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Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023529

摘要：

● Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined

关键词： Economic profits     GHG emissions     labor input     nitrogen input     sugar    

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Soil security and global food security

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023530

摘要：

● Much of the world’s agricultural land has been degraded through soil loss and degradation of soil organic matter.

关键词： Agriculture     soil security     food security     regenerative    

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Proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, a phytosiderophore analog, drives beneficial rhizobacterial community formation to promote peanut micronutrition

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023531

摘要：

● Proline-2′-deoxymugineic (PDMA) significantly altered the bacterial community in the peanut rhizosphere.

关键词： Beneficial rhizobacteria recruitment     peanut     plant-soil micronutrition enhancement     proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid     stable microbial network    

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Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023532

摘要：

● A machine vision-based prototype system was developed for fruit grading.

关键词： Computer and machine vision     convolution neural network     deep learning     defective fruit detection     fruit grading     microcontroller    

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Aerodynamic stability evolution tendency of suspension bridges with spans from 1000 to 5000 m

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0980-z

摘要： Aerodynamic instability owing to aerostatic and flutter-related failures is a significant concern in the wind-resistant design of long-span suspension bridges. Based on the dynamic characteristics of suspension bridges with spans ranging from 888 to 1991 m, we proposed fitted equations for increasing spans and base frequencies. Finite element models of suspension bridges with increasing span from 1000 to 5000 m were constructed. The structural parameters were optimized to follow the fitted tendencies. To analyze the aerodynamic instability, streamlined single-box section (SBS), lattice truss section (LTS), narrow slotted section (NSS), and wide slotted section (WSS) were considered. We performed three-dimensional (3-D) full-mode flutter analysis and nonlinear aerostatic instability analysis. The flutter critical wind speed continuously decreases with span growth, showing an unlimited approaching phenomenon. Regarding aerostatic instability, the instability wind speed decreases with span to approximately 3000 m, and increases when the span is in the range of 3000 to 5000 m. Minimum aerostatic instability wind speed with SBS or LTS girder would be lower than observed maximal gust wind speed, indicating the probability of aerostatic instability. This study proposes that suspension bridge with span approximately 3000 m should be focused on both aerostatic instability and flutter, and more aerodynamic configuration optimistic optimizations for flutter are essential for super long-span suspension bridges with spans longer than 3000 m.

关键词： suspension bridge     super long-span     finite element model     aerodynamic instability     aerodynamic configuration    

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A time−space porosity computational model for concrete under sulfate attack

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0985-7

摘要： The deterioration of the microscopic pore structure of concrete under external sulfate attack (ESA) is a primary cause of degradation. Nevertheless, little effort has been invested in exploring the temporal and spatial development of the porosity of concrete under ESA. This study proposes a mechanical–chemical model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of the porosity. A relationship between the corrosion damage and amount of ettringite is proposed based on the theory of volume expansion. In addition, the expansion strain at the macro-scale is obtained using a stress analysis model of composite concentric sphere elements and the micromechanical mean-field approach. Finally, considering the influence of corrosion damage and cement hydration on the diffusion of sulfate ions, the expansion deformation and porosity space−time distribution are obtained using the finite difference method. The results demonstrate that the expansion strains calculated using the suggested model agree well with previously reported experimental results. Moreover, the tricalcium aluminate concentration, initial elastic modulus of cement paste, corrosion damage, and continuous hydration of cement significantly affect concrete under ESA. The proposed model can forecast and assess the porosity of concrete covers and provide a credible approach for determining the residual life of concrete structures under ESA.

关键词： expansion deformation     porosity     internal expansion stress     external sulfate attack     mechanical–chemical coupling model    

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A frequency error estimation for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0006-x

摘要： A frequency error estimation is presented for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells using both quadratic and cubic basis functions. By analyzing the discrete isogeometric equations with the aid of harmonic wave assumption, the frequency error measures are rationally derived for the quadratic and cubic formulations for Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells. In particular, the governing relationship of the continuum frequency for Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells is naturally embedded into the frequency error measures without the need of explicit frequency expressions, which usually are not trivial for the shell problems. In accordance with these theoretical findings, the 2nd and 4th orders of frequency accuracy are attained for the isogeometric schemes using quadratic and cubic basis functions, respectively. Numerical results not only thoroughly verify the theoretical convergence rates of frequency solutions, but also manifest an excellent magnitude match between numerical and theoretical frequency errors for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells.

关键词： isogeometric analysis     Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shell     free vibration     frequency error     convergence    

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Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolith simulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0003-0

摘要： Using an in situ lunar regolith as a construction material in combination with 3D printing not only reduces the weight of materials carried from the Earth but also improves the automation of lunar infrastructure construction. This study aims to improve the printability of a geopolymer based on a BH-1 lunar regolith simulant, including the extrudability, open time, and buildability, by controlling the temperature and adding admixtures. Rheological parameters were used to represent printability with different water-to-binder ratios, printing temperatures, and contents of additives. The mechanical properties of the hardening geopolymer with different filling paths and loading directions were tested. The results show that heating the printed filaments with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 at 80 °C can adjust the printability without adding any additive, which can reduce the construction cost of lunar infrastructure. The printability of the BH-1 geopolymer can also be improved by adding 0.3% Attagel-50 and 0.5% polypropylene fiber by mass at a temperature of 20 °C to cope with the changeable environmental conditions on the Moon. After curing under a simulated lunar environment, the 72-h flexural and compressive strengths of the geopolymer specimens reach 4.1 and 48.1 MPa, respectively, which are promising considering that the acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 of that on the Earth.

关键词： geopolymer     lunar regolith simulant     3D printing     rheology     printability    

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Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0966-x

摘要： Based on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.

关键词： anti-fault effect     engineering measures     LRAF method     stress and displacement field     tunnel-crossing active faults    

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Dynamic performance of submerged floating tunnel with different mooring styles subjected to anchor cable failure

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0932-7

摘要： Submerged floating tunnels (SFTs) are novel structures for transportation across long- and deep-strait regions. Owing to severe wave and current excitation as well as the effects of underwater structures and corrosion, the risk of local anchor cable failure is high, which can result in the progressive failure of the entire structure. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations are conducted to analyze the dynamic behavior of an SFT with different mooring styles under local cable failure. A custom-designed cable failure device and the birth-and-death element method are used to simulate cable failure (i.e., progressive failure) via experiments and numerical simulation, respectively. A physical-scale segmental model of an SFT with different mooring styles under anchor cable failure is developed in this study. A segmental and entire-length mathematical model is developed using the ANSYS program to perform the numerical simulation. The results of the segmental numerical and experimental models indicate good agreement. The dynamic response of an SFT with different mooring styles under cable failure is comprehensively investigated by investigating the effects of key parameters (wave period, buoyant weight ratio, and cable failure mechanism). Moreover, the progressive failure of the SFT under cable failure is investigated via a segment model test and a numerical simulation of its entire length. The present study can serve as a reference for the safer designs of the SFT mooring style.

关键词： dynamic behaviors     submerged floating tunnel     cable failure     mooring style     progressive failure    

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Microbial self-healing of cracks in cement-based materials and its influencing factors

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0986-6

摘要： Cement-based materials are brittle and crack easily under natural conditions. Cracks can reduce service life because the transport of harmful substances can cause corrosion damage to the structures. This review discusses the feasibility of using microbial self-healing agents for crack healing. Tubular and spherical carriers can be used to load microbial self-healing agents and protect microbes, which prolongs the self-healing time. The area self-healing ratio, permeability, mechanical strength, precipitation depth method, numerical modeling, and ultrasonic method can be employed to identify the self-healing effect of cracks. Moreover, the self-healing mechanism is systematically analyzed. The results showed that microbial self-healing agents can repair cracks in cement-based materials in underground projects and dam gates. The difficulties and future development of self-healing cracks were analyzed. A microbial self-healing agent was embedded in the cement-based material, which automatically repaired the developing cracks. With the development of intelligent building materials, self-healing cracks have become the focus of attention.

关键词： cement-based materials     cracks     microbial self-healing agent     mechanism     intelligent building materials    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

转录因子HNF1A、HNF4A和FOXA2调节肝细胞蛋白质N-糖基化

Vedrana Vičić Bočkor,Nika Foglar,Goran Josipović,Marija Klasić,Ana Vujić,Branimir Plavša,Toma Keser,Samira Smajlović,Aleksandar Vojta,Vlatka Zoldoš

期刊论文

人工智能加速GPCR配体的发现

陈伟, 宋驰, 冷梁, 张三印, 陈士林

期刊论文

基于5 μm厚向列相液晶的高效圆极化相控阵系统的设计、校准和实验验证

Xin Yu Wu,Fengshuo Wan,Hongyuan Feng,Shichao Jin,Chong Guo,Yu Wei,Dunge Liu,Yuqian Yang,Longzhu Cai,Zhi Hao Jiang,Wei Hong

期刊论文

堆石混凝土坝概述及下一代混凝土坝施工技术展望

Feng Jin, Duruo Huang, Michel Lino, Hu Zhou

期刊论文

Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

期刊论文

Soil security and global food security

期刊论文

Proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, a phytosiderophore analog, drives beneficial rhizobacterial community formation to promote peanut micronutrition

期刊论文

Machine vision-based automatic fruit quality detection and grading

期刊论文

Aerodynamic stability evolution tendency of suspension bridges with spans from 1000 to 5000 m

期刊论文

A time−space porosity computational model for concrete under sulfate attack

期刊论文

A frequency error estimation for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells

期刊论文

Printability and hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolith simulant for automated construction of lunar infrastructure

期刊论文

Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults

期刊论文

Dynamic performance of submerged floating tunnel with different mooring styles subjected to anchor cable failure

期刊论文

Microbial self-healing of cracks in cement-based materials and its influencing factors

期刊论文