Frontiers of Medicine
>> 2021,
Volume 15,
Issue 4
doi:
10.1007/s11684-020-0771-z
REVIEW
Clinical applications of neurolinguistics in neurosurgery
. Glioma Surgery Division, Neurologic Surgery Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;.. Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 201100, China;.. Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai 200135, China
Received: 2021-01-20
Accepted: 2021-05-14
Available online: 2021-05-14
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Abstract
The protection of language function is one of the major challenges of brain surgery. Over the past century, neurosurgeons have attempted to seek the optimal strategy for the preoperative and intraoperative identification of language-related brain regions. Neurosurgeons have investigated the neural mechanism of language, developed neurolinguistics theory, and provided unique evidence to further understand the neural basis of language functions by using intraoperative cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation. With the emergence of modern neuroscience techniques and dramatic advances in language models over the last 25 years, novel language mapping methods have been applied in the neurosurgical practice to help neurosurgeons protect the brain and reduce morbidity. The rapid advancements in brain–computer interface have provided the perfect platform for the combination of neurosurgery and neurolinguistics. In this review, the history of neurolinguistics models, advancements in modern technology, role of neurosurgery in language mapping, and modern language mapping methods (including noninvasive neuroimaging techniques and invasive cortical electroencephalogram) are presented.
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