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Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3,   Pages 465-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1641-3

Abstract: For more than six decades, chromic acid anodizing (CAA) has been the central process in the surface pre-treatment of aluminum for adhesively bonded aircraft structures. Unfortunately, this electrolyte contains hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a compound known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. To comply with the new strict international regulations, the Cr(VI)-era will soon have to come to an end. Anodizing aluminum in acid electrolytes produces a self-ordered porous oxide layer. Although different acids can be used to create this type of structure, the excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance that is currently achieved by the complete Cr(VI)-based process is not easily matched. This paper provides a critical overview and appraisal of proposed alternatives to CAA, including combinations of multiple anodizing steps, pre- and post anodizing treatments. The work is presented in terms of the modifications to the oxide properties, such as morphological features (e.g., pore size, barrier layer thickness) and surface chemistry, in order to evaluate the link between fundamental principles of adhesion and bond performance.

Keywords： aluminum     Cr(VI)-free     surface pre-treatments     anodizing     adhesive bonding    

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Scrutiny of non-linear differential equations Euler-Bernoulli beam with large rotational deviation by AGM

M. R. AKBARI,M. NIMAFAR,D. D. GANJI,M. M. AKBARZADE

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 402-408 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0316-8

Abstract:

The kinematic assumptions upon which the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is founded allow it to be extended to more advanced analysis. Simple superposition allows for three-dimensional transverse loading. Using alternative constitutive equations can allow for viscoelastic or plastic beam deformation. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory can also be extended to the analysis of curved beams, beam buckling, composite beams and geometrically nonlinear beam deflection. In this study, solving the nonlinear differential equation governing the calculation of the large rotation deviation of the beam (or column) has been discussed. Previously to calculate the rotational deviation of the beam, the assumption is made that the angular deviation of the beam is small. By considering the small slope in the linearization of the governing differential equation, the solving is easy. The result of this simplification in some cases will lead to an excessive error. In this paper nonlinear differential equations governing on this system are solved analytically by Akbari-Ganji’s method (AGM). Moreover, in AGM by solving a set of algebraic equations, complicated nonlinear equations can easily be solved and without any mathematical operations such as integration solving. The solution of the problem can be obtained very simply and easily. Furthermore, to enhance the accuracy of the results, the Taylor expansion is not needed in most cases via AGM manner. Also, comparisons are made between AGM and numerical method (Runge-Kutta 4th). The results reveal that this method is very effective and simple, and can be applied for other nonlinear problems.

Keywords： AGM     critical load of columns     large deformations of beam     nonlinear differential equation    

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Enhancing power transfer capability through flexible AC transmission system devices: a review

Fadi M. ALBATSH,Saad MEKHILEF,Shameem AHMAD,H. MOKHLIS,M. A. HASSAN

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2015, Volume 16, Issue 8,   Pages 658-678 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500019

Abstract: Global demand for power has significantly increased, but power generation and transmission capacities have not increased proportionally with this demand. As a result, power consumers suffer from various problems, such as voltage and frequency instability and power quality issues. To overcome these problems, the capacity for available power transfer of a transmission network should be enhanced. Researchers worldwide have addressed this issue by using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. We have conducted a comprehensive review of how FACTS controllers are used to enhance the available transfer capability (ATC) and power transfer capability (PTC) of power system networks. This review includes a discussion of the classification of different FACTS devices according to different factors. The popularity and applications of these devices are discussed together with relevant statistics. The operating principles of six major FACTS devices and their application in increasing ATC and PTC are also presented. Finally, we evaluate the performance of FACTS devices in ATC and PTC improvement with respect to different control algorithms.

Keywords： FACTS devices     Available transfer capability     Power transfer capability     Artificial intelligence    

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Combined heat and power plant integrated with mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system

M, Erik DAHLQUIST

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 469-474 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0123-9

Abstract: The mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system is an alternative source of heat for detached buildingsIn this paper, the integration of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and an M-TES system is analyzedThe performance of the M-TES system is likewise discussed.

Keywords： Mobilized thermal energy system     district heating     thermal energy storage     combined heat and power     detached houses    

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The Deep Carbon Observatory: A Ten-Year Quest to Study Carbon in Earth

Craig M. Schiffries, Andrea Johnson Mangum, Jennifer L. Mays, Michelle Hoon-Starr, Robert M. Hazen

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 372-378 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.03.004

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ThMn12-Type Alloys for Permanent Magnets Review

Hadjipanayis, A.M. Gabay, A.M. Schönhöbel, A. Martín-Cid, J.M. Barandiaran, D. Niarchos

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 140-146 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.011

Abstract:

Iron-rich compounds with the tetragonal ThMn12-type structure have the potential to meet current demands for rare-earth-lean permanent magnets with high energy density and operating temperatures of 150–200 ℃. However, while it is normal for magnet technology to lag behind the development of underlying magnetic material, this gap has always been unusually large for ThMn12-type magnets. The gap has widened further in recent years, as excellent combinations of intrinsic magnetic properties have been obtained in compounds synthesized with a smaller amount of structure-stabilizing elements (e.g., SmFe11V or Sm0.8Zr0.2Fe9.2Co2.3Ti0.5) or with no such elements (i.e., SmFe9.6Co2.4 thin films). The search for promising compounds continues—with increasing help coming from theoretical calculations. Unfortunately, progress in the development of magnets beyond polymer-bonded interstitially modified powders remains marginal. The introduction of lanthanum (La) was found to stabilize low-meltingtemperature minority phases in Sm(Fe,Ti)12 alloys, thus allowing for liquid-phase sintering for the first time. The high reactivity of La, however, has apparently undermined the development of coercivity (Hc). A controlled crystallization of the initially suppressed ThMn12-type phase makes "bulk" magnetic hardening possible, not only in Sm-Fe-V alloys (in which it has been known since the 1990s), but also is in La-added (Ce,Sm)(Fe,Ti)12 alloys. The properties of the bulk-hardened alloys, however, remain unsatisfactory. Mechanochemically synthesized (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Si)12 and (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti)12 powders may become suitable for sintering into powerful fully dense magnets, although not before a higher degree of anisotropy in both alloys and a higher Hc in the latter alloy have been developed.

Keywords： Permanent magnets     Rare earths permanent magnets     ThMn12 structure    

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Velocity gradient elasticity for nonlinear vibration of carbon nanotube resonators

Hamid M. SEDIGHI, Hassen M. OUAKAD

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6,   Pages 1520-1530 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0672-x

Abstract: In this study, for the first time, we investigate the nonlocality superimposed to the size effects on the nonlinear dynamics of an electrically actuated single-walled carbon-nanotube-based resonator. We undertake two models to capture the nanostructure nonlocal size effects: the strain and the velocity gradient theories. We use a reduced-order model based on the differential quadrature method (DQM) to discretize the governing nonlinear equation of motion and acquire a discretized-parameter nonlinear model of the system. The structural nonlinear behavior of the system assuming both strain and velocity gradient theories is investigated using the discretized model. The results suggest that nonlocal and size effects should not be neglected because they improve the prediction of corresponding dynamic amplitudes and, most importantly, the critical resonant frequencies of such nanoresonators. Neglecting these effects may impose a considerable source of error, which can be amended using more accurate modeling techniques.

Keywords： velocity gradient elasticity theory     nanotube resonators     differential-quadrature method     nonlinear vibration    

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RNA m6A modification and its function in diseases

Jiyu Tong, Richard A. Flavell, Hua-Bing Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2018, Volume 12, Issue 4,   Pages 481-489 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0654-8

Abstract:

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common post-transcriptional RNAmodification throughout the transcriptome, affecting fundamental aspects of RNA metabolism. m6A modification could be installed by m6A “writers” composed of core catalyticThe function of m6A is executed by m6A “readers” that bind to mm6A are still largely unknown.

Keywords： RNA modification     m6A     immunity     cancer     epigenetics    

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Special issue: Manufacturing engineering management

Shanlin YANG, Panos M. PARDALOS, Xinbao LIU

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 417-419 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018209

Abstract:
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An investigation of reaction furnace temperatures and sulfur recovery

ASADI, M. PAKIZEH, M. POURAFSHARI CHENAR

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 362-371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1106-z

Abstract: In a modern day sulfur recovery unit (SRU), hydrogen sulfide (H S) is converted to elemental sulfur using a modified Claus unit. A process simulator called TSWEET has been used to consider the Claus process. The effect of the H S concentration, the H S/CO ratio, the input air flow rate, the acid gas flow of the acid gas (AG) splitter and the temperature of the acid gas feed at three different oxygen concentrations (in the air input) on the main burner temperature have been studied. Also the effects of the tail gas ratio and the catalytic bed type on the sulfur recovery were studied. The bed temperatures were optimized in order to enhance the sulfur recovery for a given acid gas feed and air input. Initially when the fraction of AG splitter flow to the main burner was increased, the temperature of the main burner increased to a maximum but then decreased sharply when the flow fraction was further increased; this was true for all three concentrations of oxygen. However, if three other parameters (the concentration of H S, the ratio H S/CO and the flow rate of air) were increased, the temperature of the main burner increased monotonically. This increase had different slopes depending on the oxygen concentration in the input air. But, by increasing the temperature of the acid gas feed, the temperature of the main burner decreased. In general, the concentration of oxygen in the input air into the Claus unit had little effect on the temperature of the main burner (This is true for all parameters). The optimal catalytic bed temperature, tail gas ratio and type of catalytic bed were also determined and these conditions are a minimum temperature of 300°C, a ratio of 2.0 and a hydrolysing Claus bed.

Keywords： Claus unit     concentration of H2S     tail gas ratio     sulfur recovery     catalytic bed    

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Application of statistical design for the production of inulinase by

M. DILIPKUMAR, M. RAJASIMMAN, N. RAJAMOHAN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 463-470 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1112-1

Abstract: A Plackett-Burman design was employed for screening 18 nutrient components for the production of inulinase using sp. and pressmud as the substrate via solid-state fermentation (SSF). From the experiments, three nutrients viz. yeast extract, FeSO ·7H O, and NH NO were found to be the most significant components. Hence these three components were selected and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions are: yeast extract 0.00274 g/gds, FeSO ·7H O 0.00011 g/gds and NH NO 0.00772 g/gds. The effect of the substrate concentration and initial moisture content were also studied. A substrate concentration of 12 g and an initial moisture content of 65% are optimum for the maximum production of inulinase (89 U/gds).

Keywords： inulinase     pressmud     Response Surface Methodology (RSM)     streptomyces sp    

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Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 424-429 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0015-z

Abstract: investigate the effects of temperature on pyrolytic products, and to reveal the effect of HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) zeolites on pyrolysis vapors.Catalytic cracking of pyrolysis vapors with HZSM-5 and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts significantly alteredM/HZSM-5 catalysts were more effective than HZSM-5 in reducing the oxygen-containing compounds, and therefore

Keywords： xylan     fast pyrolysis     catalytic pyrolysis     Py-GC/MS     HZSM-5    

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Experimental and theoretical investigations of the lateral vibrations of an unbalanced Jeffcott rotor

Ali ALSALEH, Hamid M. SEDIGHI, Hassen M. OUAKAD

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 4,   Pages 1024-1032 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0647-y

Abstract: The current work experimentally explores and then theoretically examines the lateral vibrations of an unbalanced Jeffcott rotor-system working at several unbalance conditions. To this end, three conditions of eccentric masses are considered by using a Bently Nevada RK-4 rotor kit. Measurements of the steady-state as well as the startup data at rigid and flexible rotor states are captured by conducting a setup that mimics the vibration monitoring industrial practices. The linear governing equation of the considered rotor is extracted by adopting the Lagrange method on the basis of rigid rotor assumptions to theoretically predict the lateral vibrations. The dynamic features of the rotor system such as the linearized bearing induced stiffness are exclusively acquired from startup data. It is demonstrated that, with an error of less than 5%, the proposed two-degrees-of-freedom model can predict the flexural vibrations at rigid condition. While at flexible condition, it fails to accurately predict the dynamic response. In contrast to the other works where nonlinear mathematical models with some complexities are proposed to mathematically model the real systems, the present study illustrates the applicability of employing simple models to predict the dynamic response of a real rotor-system with an acceptable accuracy.

Keywords： rotor-dynamics     Jeffcott rotor     lateral vibrations     Lagrange method     system-equivalent stiffness     sleeve bearings     oil film induced stiffness    

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A giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum: a case report

Xianghu Meng, Jihong Liu, Xiao Yu, Shaogang Wang, Cong Liu, Zhangqun Ye

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 440-443 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0222-6

Abstract:

The authors present a case report of a giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum.Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of a Müllerian duct cyst.Huge Müllerian duct cyst is uncommon in clinic.Treatments of Müllerian duct cysts depend on their sizes and symptoms.

Keywords： Müllerian duct cyst     clinical symptoms     diagnosis    

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Characterization and seasonal distribution of microplastics in the nearshore sediments of the south-east coast of India, Bay of Bengal

Dhineka , M. Sambandam , S. K. Sivadas , T.Kaviarasan , Umakanta Pradhan , Mehmuna Begum , Pravakar Mishra , M. V. Ramana Murthy

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 1,   Pages 10-10 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1444-0

Abstract: = 130) were collected at a distance of 1 km and 10 km from the shore region at varying depths (8–45 m)
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Title Author Date Type Operation

Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

Journal Article

Scrutiny of non-linear differential equations Euler-Bernoulli beam with large rotational deviation by AGM

M. R. AKBARI,M. NIMAFAR,D. D. GANJI,M. M. AKBARZADE

Journal Article

Enhancing power transfer capability through flexible AC transmission system devices: a review

Fadi M. ALBATSH,Saad MEKHILEF,Shameem AHMAD,H. MOKHLIS,M. A. HASSAN

Journal Article

Combined heat and power plant integrated with mobilized thermal energy storage (M-TES) system

M, Erik DAHLQUIST

Journal Article

The Deep Carbon Observatory: A Ten-Year Quest to Study Carbon in Earth

Craig M. Schiffries, Andrea Johnson Mangum, Jennifer L. Mays, Michelle Hoon-Starr, Robert M. Hazen

Journal Article

ThMn12-Type Alloys for Permanent Magnets

Hadjipanayis, A.M. Gabay, A.M. Schönhöbel, A. Martín-Cid, J.M. Barandiaran, D. Niarchos

Journal Article

Velocity gradient elasticity for nonlinear vibration of carbon nanotube resonators

Hamid M. SEDIGHI, Hassen M. OUAKAD

Journal Article

RNA m6A modification and its function in diseases

Jiyu Tong, Richard A. Flavell, Hua-Bing Li

Journal Article

Special issue: Manufacturing engineering management

Shanlin YANG, Panos M. PARDALOS, Xinbao LIU

Journal Article

An investigation of reaction furnace temperatures and sulfur recovery

ASADI, M. PAKIZEH, M. POURAFSHARI CHENAR

Journal Article

Application of statistical design for the production of inulinase by

M. DILIPKUMAR, M. RAJASIMMAN, N. RAJAMOHAN

Journal Article

Fast and catalytic pyrolysis of xylan: Effects of temperature and M/HZSM-5 (M= Fe, Zn) catalysts on pyrolytic

Xifeng ZHU, Qiang LU, Wenzhi LI, Dong ZHANG,

Journal Article

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the lateral vibrations of an unbalanced Jeffcott rotor

Ali ALSALEH, Hamid M. SEDIGHI, Hassen M. OUAKAD

Journal Article

A giant Müllerian duct cyst in the perineum: a case report

Xianghu Meng, Jihong Liu, Xiao Yu, Shaogang Wang, Cong Liu, Zhangqun Ye

Journal Article

Characterization and seasonal distribution of microplastics in the nearshore sediments of the south-east coast of India, Bay of Bengal

Dhineka , M. Sambandam , S. K. Sivadas , T.Kaviarasan , Umakanta Pradhan , Mehmuna Begum , Pravakar Mishra , M. V. Ramana Murthy

Journal Article