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FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY
Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 568-582 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2019270
Keywords： actinorrhizal trees / agroforestry / climate change / ecosystem restoration
Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems: an overview
Jizheng HE, Zhenzhen YAN, Qinglin CHEN
Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 329-332 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020333
The use of antibiotics in human medicine and animal husbandry has resulted in the continuous release of antibiotics into the environment, which imposes high selection pressure on bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. The spread and aggregation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant pathogens is one of the most intractable clinical challenges. Numerous studies have been conducted to profile the patterns of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems, as this is closely related to human health and wellbeing. This paper provides an overview of the transmission of ARGs in agricultural ecosystems resulting from the application of animal manures and other organic amendments. The future need to control and mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in agricultural ecosystems is also discussed, particularly from a holistic perspective, and requires multiple sector efforts to translate fundamental knowledge into effective strategies.
Keywords： agroecosystem antibiotic resistance public health soil-plant system
Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 416-431 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021412
Absolute yield and land use efficiency can be higher in multicrops. Though this phenomenon is common, it is not always the case. Also, these two benefits are frequently confused and do not necessarily occur together. Cropping choices become more complex when considering that multicrops are subject to strong spatial and temporal variation in average soil moisture, which will worsen with climate change. Intercropping in agroecosystems is expected to buffer this impact by favoring resistance to reduced humidity, but there are few empirical/experimental studies to validate this claim. It is not clear if relatively higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency will persist in the face of reduced soil moisture, and how the relation between these benefits might change. Here, we present a relatively simple framework for analyzing this situation. We propose a relative multicrop resistance (RMR) index that captures all possible scenarios of absolute and relative multicrop overyield under water stress. We dissect the ecological components of RMR to understand the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the ecological causes of different overyield scenarios. We demonstrate the use of this framework with data from a 128 microplot greenhouse experiment with small annual crops, arranged as seven-species multicrops and their corresponding monocrops, all under two contrasting watering regimes. We applied simple but robust statistical procedures to resulting data (based on bootstrap methods) to compare RMR, and its components, between different plants/plant parts. We also provide simple graphical tools to analyze the data.
Keywords： agroecosystem sustainability crop overyielding intercrop drought resistance overyield ecological
Title Author Date Type Operation
FOR USE IN AGROECOSYSTEM IMPROVEMENT IN SEMI-ARID AREAS WITH A FOCUS ON CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY
Journal Article
Transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in agroecosystems: an overview
Jizheng HE, Zhenzhen YAN, Qinglin CHEN
Journal Article
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