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The study of ovary development and steroid hormone changes in Alosa sapidissima

Hong Lei,Li Zhaoxin,Chen Chao,Guo Zhenglong,Wang Weifang,Lei Jilin

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages 86-92

Abstract:

In this study, the morphological changes of ovary development and variation of correlated plasma sex steroids levels were detected in Alosa sapidissima. The result shown that Alosa sapidissima belongs to the non-synchronized multiple batch spawner; based on size, shape and external color, the development of ovary was divided into six stages; according to changes of inner structures, yolk accumulating and development of follicle cells, the oogenesis could be divided into six phases. There were no significant differences about hepatosomatic index (HSI) and condition factor (CF) during the ovarian maturation cycle, but gonadosomatic index (GSI) and 17β- estradiol (E2) were found to increase during the peak phase of vitellogenic growth corresponding to the ovary development.

Keywords： Alosa sapidissima ovary development oogenesis histology morphology steroid hormone

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A multi-integrated approach on toxicity effects of engineered TiO

Ana PICADO,Susana M. PAIXÃO,Liliana MOITA,Luis SILVA,Mário S. DINIZ,Joana LOURENÇO,Isabel PERES,Luisa CASTRO,José Brito CORREIA,Joana PEREIRA,Isabel FERREIRA,António Pedro Alves MATOS,Pedro BARQUINHA,Elsa MENDONCA

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages 793-803 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0775-0

Abstract: The new properties of engineered nanoparticles drive the need for new knowledge on the safety, fate, behavior and biologic effects of these particles on organisms and ecosystems. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been used extensively for a wide range of applications, e.g, self-cleaning surface coatings, solar cells, water treatment agents, topical sunscreens. Within this scenario increased environmental exposure can be expected but data on the ecotoxicological evaluation of nanoparticles are still scarce. The main purpose of this work was the evaluation of effects of TiO nanoparticles in several organisms, covering different trophic levels, using a battery of aquatic assays. Using fish as a vertebrate model organism tissue histological and ultrastructural observations and the stress enzyme activity were also studied. TiO nanoparticles (Aeroxide® P25), two phase composition of anatase (65%) and rutile (35%) with an average particle size value of 27.6±11 nm were used. Results on the EC for the tested aquatic organisms showed toxicity for the bacteria, the algae and the crustacean, being the algae the most sensitive tested organism. The aquatic plant showed no effect on growth. The fish showed no effect on a 21 day survival test, though at a biochemical level the cytosolic Glutathione-S-Transferase total activity, in intestines, showed a general significant decrease ( <0.05) after 14 days of exposure for all tested concentrations. The presence of TiO nanoparticles aggregates were observed in the intestine lumen but their internalization by intestine cells could not be confirmed.

Keywords： ecotoxicity enzymatic analysis histology transmission electron microscopy (TEM) TiO₂-nanoparticles