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plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 2

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active suspensions 1

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Full lifetime cost analysis of battery, plug-in hybrid and FCEVs in China in the near future

Zhihua CAI, Xunmin OU, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG

Frontiers in Energy 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 107-111 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0182-1

Abstract: This paper analyzes the full lifetime cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric

Keywords： electric vehicle (EV) life time cost China

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state-of-charge trajectory estimation using upcoming route information preview and neural networks for plug-in

Ahmad MOZAFFARI,Mahyar VAJEDI,Nasser L. AZAD

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 154-167 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0336-z

Abstract: which can be used for the real-time estimation of optimum battery state-of-charge (SOC) trajectory in plug-in

Keywords： trip information preview intelligent transportation state-of-charge trajectory builder immune systems artificial neural network

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Smart product design for automotive systems

A. Galip ULSOY

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 102-112 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0527-0

Abstract: as applications of the method to a variable-cam-timing engine, and to enable battery swapping in a plug-in

Keywords： control co-design component swapping modularity active suspensions variable camshaft timing engine plug-in

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Cumulant-based correlated probabilistic load flow considering photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle charging demand

Nitesh Ganesh BHAT, B. Rajanarayan PRUSTY, Debashisha JENA

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 184-196 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0465-7

Abstract: In the case of distribution systems, the uncertainties pertaining to plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

Keywords： battery electric vehicle extended cumulant method photovoltaic generation plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

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Organic and inorganic phosphorus uptake by bacteria in a plug-flow microcosm

Jinbo ZHAO, Xuehua LIU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 173-184 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0494-3

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is a vital nutrient for sustaining natural water productivity. Both particulate and dissolved forms of organic and inorganic P are potentially important sources of bioavailable P for primary and secondary producers. A microcosm system to imitate the bacterial community in Plym river sediment and pore water is described and bacterial uptake rates for inorganic and organic phosphorus are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of two organic phosphorus compounds (phytic acid and D-glucose-6-phosphate) by freshwater bacteria. The bioreactors comprise glass columns packed with two types of small glass beads on which bacterial biofilm can develop. The glass beads with different porosity were introduced to simulate River SPM. The selected P compounds spiked into the inflow of the microcosm, and measured the step change of P concentration in the outflow to investigate the behavior of bacterial uptake of nutrients. The results showed that organic phosphorus was converted into inorganic phosphorus but the conversion rate depended on the type of phosphorus species. One experiment suggested that phytic acid (refractory) could displace phosphate from the biofilm surface; the other experiment showed that D-glucose-6-phosphate (labile) could be hydrolysed and utilized easily by the bacteria. The results also suggested that bacteria might break down the C-P bonds to utilize the carbon. Further experiments should investigate the effect of varying the C:N:P ratio in the microcosm system to determine which nutrient limits bacteria uptake.

Keywords： organic phosphorus bacteria uptake

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Design and analyses of open-ended pipe piles in cohesionless soils

Yuan GUO,Xiong (Bill) YU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages 22-29 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0314-5

Abstract: major factor for all the design codes is to properly account for the formation and effects of soil plugvariation in the base capacity evaluation among different methods due to the complex behaviors of soil plugdistribution from DEM model indicate a large stress concentration occurs at the bottom of the soil plugBesides, nearly 90% of the plug resistance is provided by the bottom half portion of the soil column.The soil-pile friction coefficient has a significant effect on the magnitude of plug resistance, with

Keywords： open-ended pipe pile soil plug DEM base capacity

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Fictitious soil pile model for dynamic analysis of pipe piles under high-strain conditions

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering Pages 915-934 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0907-8

Abstract: The developed model simulates the base soil with a fictitious hollow pile fully filled with a soil plugdistinguished using different shaft models, and the propagation of stress waves in the base soil and soil plug

Keywords： fictitious soil pile soil plug pipe piles high-strain dynamic analysis one-dimensional wave theory

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Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability: Effects of flow pattern and fermentation pretreatment

Quan Yuan, Hui Gong, Hao Xi, Kaijun Wang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1226-0

Abstract: The influences of flow patterns (mixed-flow and plug-flow) and fermentation pretreatment on aerobic granularThe anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode (with influent fed slowly from the bottom) in R2 provided deeper

Keywords： Anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode Anaerobic mixed-flow mode Fermentation pretreatment Substrate gradient