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The zero-point energy of vibration and the Casimir force
Huang Zhixun
Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 63-69
Keywords： zero-point energy zero-point field energy of vacuum Casimir force theory of torsion field
Negative Energy in Faster Than Light Investigation ——An Important Direction to Researches
Huang Zhixun
Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 7, Pages 42-47
This paper describes a series of expectations and experiments on the negative energy notion. The aim is to find the relation between the faster-than-light research and the negative energy concepts.
Keywords： negative energy faster than light Casimir's effect evanescent mode negative refraction index
High Sn-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review Review
Jun Jin, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo Wang, Casimir C. Akoh
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 424-431 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.009
The normal development and maintenance of central neural functions are highly correlated with the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; ω-3 fatty acid) accumulated in the brain. DHA incorporated at the sn-2 position of lipids is well absorbed by intestinal mucosa and utilized efficiently in vivo. However, modern consumers have a reduced direct intake of DHA and increased intake of saturated fats or ω-6 fatty acid oils, resulting in behavioral and neurophysiological deficits. To provide an understanding of the integrated beneficial effects of DHA on the human brain, this review introduces the positional difference (sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions) of DHA on a glycerol skeleton in natural fats and oils, and further discusses the possible functional mechanism regarding DHA supplementation and the gut-brain axis. The multiple bidirectional routes in this axis offer a novel insight into the interaction between DHA supplementation, the gut microbiota, and brain health. To achieve high sn-2 DHA in diets, it is suggested that sn-2 DHA lipids be enzymatically produced in more efficient and economical ways by improving the specific activities of lipases and optimizing the purification procedures. These types of diets will benefit individuals with strong needs for sn-2 ω-3 lipids such as infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women.
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sn-2 Palmitate: A Review Review
Wei Wei, Cong Sun, Xiaosan Wang, Qingzhe Jin, Xuebing Xu, Casimir C. Akoh, Xingguo Wang
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 406-414 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.008
Human milk fat (HMF) is an important source of nutrients and energy for infants. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) account for about 98% of HMF and have a unique molecular structure. HMF is highly enriched in palmitic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone (more than 70%) and in unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position. The specific TAG structure in HMF plays a valuable function in infant growth. Sn-2 palmitate (mainly 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol) is one of the structured TAGs that is commonly supplemented into infant formula in order to enable it to present a similar structure to HMF. In this review, the development of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate over the last 25 years are summarized, with a focus on reaction schemes in a laboratory setting. Particular attention is also paid to the commercialized sn-1,3 regioselective lipases that are used in structured TAGs synthesis, to general methods of TAG analysis, and to successfully developed sn-2 palmitate products on the market. Prospects for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate are discussed.
Title Author Date Type Operation
Negative Energy in Faster Than Light Investigation ——An Important Direction to Researches
Huang Zhixun
Journal Article
High Sn-2 Docosahexaenoic Acid Lipids for Brain Benefits, and Their Enzymatic Syntheses: A Review
Jun Jin, Qingzhe Jin, Xingguo Wang, Casimir C. Akoh
Journal Article
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