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Empirical study on directional millimeter-wave propagation in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications between road and roadside

Xichen Liu, Lin Yang, Daizhong Yu,362475709@qq.com,eelyang@uestc.edu.cn,15908107465@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 503-516 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000464

Abstract: With the increased demand for unmanned driving technology and big-data transmission between vehicles, (mmWave) technology, due to its characteristics of large bandwidth and low latency, is considered to be the key technology in future vehicular communication systems. Different from traditional cellular communication, the vehicular communication environment has the characteristics of long distance and high moving speed. However, the existing communication channel tests mostly select low-speed and small-range communication scenarios for testing. The test results are insufficient to provide good data support for the existing vehicular communication research; therefore, in this paper, we carry out a large number of channel measurements in mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) long-distance communication scenarios in the 41 GHz band. We study the received signal strength (RSS) in detail and find that the vibration features of RSS can be best modeled by the modified considering road roughness. Based on the obtained RSS, a novel close-in (CI) model considering the effect of the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) antenna heights (CI-TRH model) is developed. As for the channel characteristics, the distribution of the root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread is analyzed. We also extend the two-section exponential (PDP) model to a more general form so that the distance-dependent features of the mmWave channel can be better modeled. Furthermore, the variation in both RMS delay spread and PDP shape parameters with TX-RX distance is analyzed. Analysis results show that TX and RX antenna heights have an effect on large-scale fading. Our modified , CI-TRH model, and two-section exponential PDP model are proved to be effective.

Keywords： 毫米波；两径模型；均方根时延扩展；功率延迟分布；CI-TRH路径损耗模型    

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流追踪：一种软件定义网络中低开销的时延测量和路径追踪方法 Article

硕 汪,娇 张,韬 黄,江 刘,韵洁 刘,F. Richard YU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 2,   Pages 206-219 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601280

Abstract: 然而，当负载均衡机制把探测包和所需追踪流的数据包均衡到不同路径时，这些工具将无法探测出流的真实转发路径，更无法测量出真实的路径时延。因此，为了准确的测量链路时延，测量工具必须能够提前找出数据包的真实转发路径。基于此发现，我们提出了一套新的软件定义网络中的流追踪机制“FlowTrace”，利用它来追踪任意流量的转发路径以及测量数据流所经历的链路时延。该工具通过收集交换机的流表来计算流的转发路径。在获得流的真实转发路径后，我们提出了一种新的测量方法来测量不同流的网络时延。最后，实验结果显示我们设计的方法可以准确的找出流的真实转发路径并测量出不同种类流所经历的时延。

Keywords： 软件定义网络；网络检测；路径追踪    

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OTFS modulation performance in a satellite-to-ground channel at sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave bands with high mobility

Tianshi Li, Ruisi He, Bo Ai, Mi Yang, Zhangdui Zhong, Haoxiang Zhang,19125026@bjtu.edu.cn,ruisi.he@bjtu.edu.cn,boai@bjtu.edu.cn,17111030@bjtu.edu.cn,zhdzhong@bjtu.edu.cn,zhx61778294@126.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4,   Pages 517-526 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000468

Abstract: modulation has been widely considered for high-mobility scenarios. have recently received much attention as a typical high-mobility scenario and face great challenges due to the high Doppler shift. To enable reliable communications and high spectral efficiency in satellite mobile communications, we evaluate OTFS modulation performance for geostationary Earth orbit and low Earth orbit satellite-to-ground channels at sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave bands in both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight cases. The is used to improve the bit error rate performance. The adaptability of OTFS and the signal detection technologies in satellite-to-ground channels are analyzed. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of applying OTFS modulation to with high mobility. Because full diversity in the delay-Doppler domain can be explored, different terminal movement velocities do not have a significant impact on the performance of OTFS modulation, and OTFS modulation can achieve better performance compared with classical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in satellite-to-ground channels. It is found that MMSE-SD can improve the performance of OTFS modulation compared with an MMSE equalizer.

Keywords： 时延-多普勒域；高移动性通信；最小均方误差算法；正交时频空；星地通信；毫米波通信    

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Analytical delay estimation of coupled RLC interconnects under ramp input

Li Xin,Janet M Wang,Tang Weiqing,Wu Huizhong

Strategic Study of CAE 2008, Volume 10, Issue 11,   Pages 59-64

Abstract:

The excitation in actual circuits is always nonideal, which has a definite impact on the analysis of interconnect delay. Considering the impact, the analytical delay model is proposed and the analytical delay method based on coupled RLC interconnect is presented. Then the decoupling method is improved and the coupled interconnects model under ramp input is decoupled when analyzing the interconnect segments. Finally the two-pole model is combined with the improved modified one-pole model to simplify the transfer function and the expression of delay of coupled interconnects is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the analysis method can evaluate the delay of coupled RLC interconnects effectively.

Keywords： ramp input     coupled RLC interconnects     delay     decoupling     two-pole model     improved modified one-pole model    

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Multi-level cross-layer protocol for end-to-end delay provisioning in wireless multimedia sensor networks Regular Papers-Research Articles

Hossein HADADIAN NEJAD YOUSEFI, Yousef SEIFI KAVIAN, Alimorad MAHMOUDI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019, Volume 20, Issue 9,   Pages 1266-1276 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700855

Abstract: Rapid developments in information and communication technology in recent years have posed a significant challenge in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). End-to-end delay and reliability are the critical issues in multimedia applications of sensor networks. In this paper we provide a new cross-layer approach for provisioning the end-to-end delay of the network at a desirable level of the packet delivery ratio (PDR), used here as a measure of network reliability. In the proposed multi-level cross-layer (MLCL) protocol, the number of hops away from the sink is used to set a level for each node. A packet is routed through the path with the minimum hop count to the sink using this level setting. The proposed protocol uses cross-layer properties between the network and medium access control (MAC) layers to estimate the minimum delay, with which a node can deliver a packet to the sink. When a node wants to send a packet, the MLCL protocol compares this minimum delay with the time to live (TTL) of a packet. If the TTL of the packet is higher than the minimum delay, the node sends the packet through the path with the minimum delay; otherwise, the node drops the packet as the node cannot deliver it to the sink within the TTL duration. This packet dropping improves network performance because the node can send a useful packet instead of an unusable packet. The results show a superior performance in terms of end-to-end delay and reliability for the proposed protocol compared to state-of-the-art protocols.

Keywords： Wireless multimedia sensor networks     Cross layering     Time to live     End-to-end delay     Quality of service    

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Solution of Network-induced Delay Using GPC With Predictive Error Compensation

Wang Dongqing

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 8,   Pages 60-65

Abstract:

With regard to the characteristics of uncertain network-induced delay, an idea of using Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) is proposed in networked control systems. To overcome the influence of modeling mismatch and uncertainty of a system, an error predictive model is further built based on BP neural network, and error predictive value is used to compensate output predictive value, which forms a new control algorithm of GPC, and smooth filtering weighted controlled input variable is adopted. Random-delay-time characteristic of data transmission is tested in a networked control system. GPC and GPC with error compensation are compared in the system. GPC with BP error compensation is verified to have better performance in a modeling mismatch system.

Keywords： networked control systems (NCS)     uncertain delay     GPC     neural network    

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Anenhanced mixedmodulated Lagrange explicit time delay estimator with noisy input Article

Wei XIA,Ju-lei ZHU,Wen-ying JIANG,Ling-feng ZHU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1067-1073 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500417

Abstract: The mixed modulated Lagrange explicit time delay estimation (MMLETDE) algorithm provides an efficient time delay estimation between narrowband or sinusoidal signals. However, it does not explicitly consider the additive measurement noise at the input, which actually exists in practice. Aiming at this issue, an enhanced MMLETDE algorithm is proposed for noisy inputs based on the unbiased impulse response estimation technique, assuming that the noise power ratio is known a priori. Simulation results show that for narrowband signals or sinusoids over a wide frequency range, the proposed algorithm with a small filter order performs well in moderate and high noise scenarios.

Keywords： Time delay estimation     Adaptive filter     Noisy input     Modulated Lagrange     Unbiased impulse response estimation    

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MEC-Empowered Non-Terrestrial Network for 6G Wide-Area Time-Sensitive Internet of Things Article

Chengxiao Liu, Wei Feng, Xiaoming Tao, Ning Ge

Engineering 2022, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 96-107 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.002

Abstract:

In the upcoming sixth-generation (6G) era, the demand for constructing a wide-area time-sensitive Internet of Things (IoT) continues to increase. As conventional cellular technologies are difficult to directly use for wide-area time-sensitive IoT, it is beneficial to use non-terrestrial infrastructures, including satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Thus, we can build a non-terrestrial network (NTN) using a cell-free architecture. Driven by the time-sensitive requirements and uneven distribution of IoT devices, the NTN must be empowered using mobile edge computing (MEC) while providing oasisoriented on-demand coverage for devices. Nevertheless, communication and MEC systems are coupled with each other under the influence of a complex propagation environment in the MEC-empowered NTN, which makes it difficult to coordinate the resources. In this study, we propose a process-oriented framework to design communication and MEC systems in a time-division manner. In this framework, large-scale channel state information (CSI) is used to characterize the complex propagation environment at an affordable cost, where a nonconvex latency minimization problem is formulated. Subsequently, the approximated problem is provided, and it can be decomposed into sub-problems. These sub-problems are then solved iteratively. The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed process-oriented scheme over other algorithms, implied that the payload deployments of UAVs should be appropriately predesigned to improve the efficiency of using resources, and confirmed that it is advantageous to integrate NTN with MEC for wide-area time-sensitive IoT.

Keywords： Cell-free Mobile edge computing     Non-terrestrial networks     Sixth-generation     Wide-area time-sensitive IoT    

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Leader-following synchronization of a multi-agent system with heterogeneous delays Research Articles

Branislav Rehák, Volodymyr Lynnyk,rehakb@utia.cas.cz,volodymyr.lynnyk@utia.cas.cz

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 1,   Pages 1-140 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000207

Abstract: An algorithm is presented for leader-following synchronization of a composed of linear agents with . The presence of different delays in various agents can cause a synchronization error that does not converge to zero. However, the norm of this error can be bounded and this boundary is presented. The proof of the main results is formulated by means of linear matrix inequalities, and the size of this problem is independent of the number of agents. Results are illustrated through examples, highlighting the fact that the steady error is caused by heterogeneous delays and demonstrating the capability of the proposed algorithm to achieve synchronization up to a certain error.

Keywords： Multi-agent system     Time delay     Linear matrix inequality    

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Joint uplink and downlink resource allocation for low-latency mobile virtual reality delivery in fog radio access networks Research Article

Tian DANG, Chenxi LIU, Xiqing LIU, Shi YAN,tiandang@bupt.edu.cn,chenxi.liu@bupt.edu.cn,liuxiqing@bupt.edu.cn,yanshi01@bupt.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 1,   Pages 73-85 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100308

Abstract: Fog radio access networks (F-RANs), in which the fog access points are equipped with communication, caching, and computing functionalities, have been anticipated as a promising architecture for enabling virtual reality (VR) applications in wireless networks. Although extensive research efforts have been devoted to designing efficient strategies for realizing successful mobile VR delivery in downlink, the equally important problem of mobile VR delivery in uplink has so far drawn little attention. In this work, we investigate a mobile VR F-RAN delivery framework, where both the uplink and downlink transmissions are considered. We first characterize the of the system, which reveals its dependence on the communication, caching, and computation s. Based on this information, we propose a simple yet efficient algorithm to minimize the , while satisfying the practical constraints on caching, computation capability, and transmission capacity in the uplink and downlink. Numerical results show that our proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the compared with various baselines, and the impacts of communication, caching, and computing resources on latency performance are illustrated.

Keywords： Virtual reality delivery     Fog radio access network (F-RAN)     Round-trip latency     Resource allocation    

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The V－BLAST Detection for MIMO MC－CDMA System

Yang Jie,Feng Guangzeng

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 58-62

Abstract:

This paper investigates V-BLAST MC-CDMA down link.A V-BLAST detector per subcarrier is proposed for MIMO MC-CDMA system in this paper and the system performance with var ious numbers of V -BLAST antennas and users for such a system is evaluated throu gh simulations.

Keywords： multiple input multiple output(MIMO)     orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)     layered space唱time code(LST)     zero force(ZF)algorithm     minimum mean square error(MMSE)    

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Indoor massivemultiple-inputmultiple-output channel characterization and performance evaluation Article

Jian-zhi LI, Bo AI, Rui-si HE, Qi WANG, Mi YANG, Bei ZHANG, Ke GUAN, Dan-ping HE, Zhang-dui ZHONG, Ting ZHOU, Nan LI

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017, Volume 18, Issue 6,   Pages 773-787 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700021

Abstract: We present a measurement campaign to characterize an indoor massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel system, using a 64-element virtual linear array, a 64-element virtual planar array, and a 128-element virtual planar array. The array topologies are generated using a 3D mechanical turntable. The measurements are conducted at 2, 4, 6, 11, 15, and 22 GHz, with a large bandwidth of 200 MHz. Both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) propagation scenarios are considered. The typical channel parameters are extracted, including path loss, shadow fading, power delay profile, and root mean square (RMS) delay spread. The frequency dependence of these channel parameters is analyzed. The correlation between shadow fading and RMS delay spread is discussed. In addition, the performance of the standard linear precoder—the matched filter, which can be used for intersymbol interference (ISI) mitigation by shortening the RMS delay spread, is investigated. Other performance measures, such as entropy capacity, Demmel condition number, and channel ellipticity, are analyzed. The measured channels, which are in a rich-scattering indoor environment, are found to achieve a performance close to that in independent and identically distributed Rayleigh channels even in an LOS scenario.

Keywords： Massive MIMO     Channel modeling     5G     Shadow fading     Delay spread     Matched filter     Entropy capacity     Condition number     Channel ellipticity    

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A Spatial–Temporal Network Perspective for the Propagation Dynamics of Air Traffic Delays Article

Qing Cai, Sameer Alam, Vu N. Duong

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 452-464 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.027

Abstract:

Intractable delays occur in air traffic due to the imbalance between ever-increasing air traffic demand and limited airspace capacity. As air traffic is associated with complex air transport systems, delays can be magnified and propagated throughout these systems, resulting in the emergent behavior known as delay propagation. An understanding of delay propagation dynamics is pertinent to modern air traffic management. In this work, we present a complex network perspective of delay propagation dynamics. Specifically, we model air traffic scenarios using spatial-temporal networks with airports as the nodes. To establish the dynamic edges between the nodes, we develop a delay propagation method and apply it to a given set of air traffic schedules. Based on the constructed spatial–temporal networks, we suggest three metrics—magnitude, severity, and speed—to gauge delay propagation dynamics. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we carry out case studies on domestic flights in the Southeastern Asia region (SAR) and the United States. Experiments demonstrate that the propagation magnitude in terms of the number of flights affected by delay propagation and the amount of propagated delays for the US traffic are respectively five and ten times those of the SAR. Experiments further reveal that the propagation speed for US traffic is eight times faster than that of the SAR. The delay propagation dynamics reveal that about six hub airports in the SAR have significant propagated delays, while the situation in the United States is considerably worse, with a corresponding number of around 16. This work provides a potent tool for tracing the evolution of air traffic delays.

Keywords： Air traffic     Transport systems     Delay propagation dynamics     Spatial–temporal networks    

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Controllability of Boolean control networks with multiple time delays in both states and controls Research Article

Yifeng LI, Lan WANG,liyifeng@cqnu.edu.cn,wanglan202212@126.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 6,   Pages 906-915 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200618

Abstract: In this paper, the problem of of (BCNs) with multiple s in both states and controls is investigated. First, the problem of BCNs with multiple s in controls is considered. For this problem, a matrix is constructed by defining a new product of matrices, based on which a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained. Then, the of BCNs with multiple s in states is studied by giving a necessary and sufficient condition. Subsequently, based on these results, a matrix for BCNs with multiple s in both states and controls is proposed that provides a concise condition. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the main results.

Keywords： Boolean control networks     Semi-tensor product of matrices     Controllability     Time delay    

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DE-CMA：An Improved Blind Equalization Algorithm Used in3G Connection Systems

Wang Ji,Hu Aiqun,Song Yubo

Strategic Study of CAE 2007, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 54-57

Abstract:

The convergence of the Constant-modulus algorithm widely used in DVB system is a complex problem.Firstly,some influencing factors such as cost function,iterative equation and filter coefficients are considered;then,in this paper,an ameliorative algorithm with time-delay estimate is proposed,which can avoid converging to the ill solution by correcting the position of main path.Simulation results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can highly improve the convergence performance of the primary one.Besides,its simplicity and efficiency make it feasible in the high-rate 3G connection application.

Keywords： blind equalization     CMA     ill-convergence     time-delay-estimate    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Empirical study on directional millimeter-wave propagation in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications between road and roadside

Xichen Liu, Lin Yang, Daizhong Yu,362475709@qq.com,eelyang@uestc.edu.cn,15908107465@163.com

Journal Article

流追踪：一种软件定义网络中低开销的时延测量和路径追踪方法

硕 汪,娇 张,韬 黄,江 刘,韵洁 刘,F. Richard YU

Journal Article

OTFS modulation performance in a satellite-to-ground channel at sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave bands with high mobility

Tianshi Li, Ruisi He, Bo Ai, Mi Yang, Zhangdui Zhong, Haoxiang Zhang,19125026@bjtu.edu.cn,ruisi.he@bjtu.edu.cn,boai@bjtu.edu.cn,17111030@bjtu.edu.cn,zhdzhong@bjtu.edu.cn,zhx61778294@126.com

Journal Article

Analytical delay estimation of coupled RLC interconnects under ramp input

Li Xin,Janet M Wang,Tang Weiqing,Wu Huizhong

Journal Article

Multi-level cross-layer protocol for end-to-end delay provisioning in wireless multimedia sensor networks

Hossein HADADIAN NEJAD YOUSEFI, Yousef SEIFI KAVIAN, Alimorad MAHMOUDI

Journal Article

Solution of Network-induced Delay Using GPC With Predictive Error Compensation

Wang Dongqing

Journal Article

Anenhanced mixedmodulated Lagrange explicit time delay estimator with noisy input

Wei XIA,Ju-lei ZHU,Wen-ying JIANG,Ling-feng ZHU

Journal Article

MEC-Empowered Non-Terrestrial Network for 6G Wide-Area Time-Sensitive Internet of Things

Chengxiao Liu, Wei Feng, Xiaoming Tao, Ning Ge

Journal Article

Leader-following synchronization of a multi-agent system with heterogeneous delays

Branislav Rehák, Volodymyr Lynnyk,rehakb@utia.cas.cz,volodymyr.lynnyk@utia.cas.cz

Journal Article

Joint uplink and downlink resource allocation for low-latency mobile virtual reality delivery in fog radio access networks

Tian DANG, Chenxi LIU, Xiqing LIU, Shi YAN,tiandang@bupt.edu.cn,chenxi.liu@bupt.edu.cn,liuxiqing@bupt.edu.cn,yanshi01@bupt.edu.cn

Journal Article

The V－BLAST Detection for MIMO MC－CDMA System

Yang Jie,Feng Guangzeng

Journal Article

Indoor massivemultiple-inputmultiple-output channel characterization and performance evaluation

Jian-zhi LI, Bo AI, Rui-si HE, Qi WANG, Mi YANG, Bei ZHANG, Ke GUAN, Dan-ping HE, Zhang-dui ZHONG, Ting ZHOU, Nan LI

Journal Article

A Spatial–Temporal Network Perspective for the Propagation Dynamics of Air Traffic Delays

Qing Cai, Sameer Alam, Vu N. Duong

Journal Article

Controllability of Boolean control networks with multiple time delays in both states and controls

Yifeng LI, Lan WANG,liyifeng@cqnu.edu.cn,wanglan202212@126.com

Journal Article

DE-CMA：An Improved Blind Equalization Algorithm Used in3G Connection Systems

Wang Ji,Hu Aiqun,Song Yubo

Journal Article