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Miniaturized five fundamental issues about visual knowledge Perspectives

Yun-he Pan,panyh@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2040000

Abstract: 认知心理学早已指出，人类知识记忆中的重要部分是视觉知识，被用来进行形象思维。因此，基于视觉的人工智能（AI）是AI绕不开的课题，且具有重要意义。本文继《论视觉知识》一文，讨论与之相关的5个基本问题：（1）视觉知识表达；（2）视觉识别；（3）视觉形象思维模拟；（4）视觉知识的学习；（5）多重知识表达。视觉知识的独特优点是具有形象的综合生成能力，时空演化能力和形象显示能力。这些正是字符知识和深度神经网络所缺乏的。AI与计算机辅助设计/图形学/视觉的技术联合将在创造、预测和人机融合等方面对AI新发展提供重要的基础动力。视觉知识和多重知识表达的研究是发展新的视觉智能的关键，也是促进AI 2.0取得重要突破的关键理论与技术。这是一块荒芜、寒湿而肥沃的“北大荒”，也是一块充满希望值得多学科合作勇探的“无人区”。

Keywords：视觉知识表达；视觉识别；视觉形象思维模拟；视觉知识学习；多重知识表达

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Visual knowledge: an attempt to explore machine creativity Perspectives

Yueting Zhuang, Siliang Tang,yzhuang@zju.edu.cn,siliang@zju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100116

Abstract: 长期以来困扰人工智能领域的一个问题是：人工智能是否具有创造力，或者说，算法的推理过程是否可以具有创造性。本文从思维科学的角度探讨人工智能创造力的问题。首先，列举形象思维推理的相关研究；然后，重点介绍一种特殊的视觉知识表示形式，即视觉场景图；最后，详细介绍视觉场景图构造问题与潜在应用。所有证据表明，视觉知识和视觉思维不仅可以改善当前人工智能任务的性能，而且可以用于机器创造力的实践。

Keywords：思维科学；形象思维推理；视觉知识表达；视觉场景图

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Qian Xuesen and Noetic Science

Lu Mingsen

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 8-15

Abstract:

This article analyzes the background and the necessity of the establishment of noetic science which was initiated by Qian Xuesen. The article also presents a whole string of Qian’s views on the object of study, basic approach and ideological root of noetic science. The article describes in particular that noetic science is one of the eleven department of the contemporary system of science and technology. It contains three hierarchies, as fundamental science, technical science and engineering. The preliminary achievements in each hierarchy in the recent two decades are presented.

Keywords： cognitive science noetic science abstractive thinking figurative thinking creative thinking pattern recognition

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Learning deep IA bidirectional intelligence Personal View

Lei XU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 4, Pages 558-562 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900541

Abstract: There has been a framework sketched for learning deep bidirectional intelligence. The framework has an inbound that features two actions: one is the acquiring action, which gets inputs in appropriate patterns, and the other is A-S cognition, derived from the abbreviated form of words abstraction and self-organization, which abstracts input patterns into concepts that are labeled and understood by self-organizing parts involved in the concept into structural hierarchies. The top inner domain accommodates relations and a priori knowledge with the help of the A-I thinking action that is responsible for the accumulation-amalgamation and induction-inspiration. The framework also has an outbound that comes with two actions. One is called I-S reasoning, which makes inference and synthesis (I-S) and is responsible for performing various tasks including image thinking and problem solving, and the other is called the interacting action, which controls, communicates with, and inspects the environment. Based on this framework, we further discuss the possibilities of design intelligence through synthesis reasoning.

Keywords： Abstraction Least mean square error reconstruction (Lmser) Cognition Image thinking Abstract thinking Synthesis reasoning

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Dialectical thinking in engineering management

Yang Shanlin,Huang Zhibin,Ren Xueping

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 14-24

Abstract:

Modern engineering management activities have become all the more complex, being far beyond the economic and technological areas, due to their growing grand scales, increasingly complex structures and integrated systems. Therefore, we need focus our attention on engineering management activities by resorting to dialectical thinking and take full account of them based on the height of the times. This paper described and analyzed engineering management activities from the following 5 aspects: the cyclic promotion between engineering management theory and engineering management practice, the in-depth integration of engineering management concepts with engineering management methods, the coordinated harmonization of engineering management system with engineering management details, the mutual promotion between engineering management standardization and engineering management innovation, the common enhancement between engineering management team and engineering management system.

Keywords： engineering engineering management dialectical thinking

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On Creativity Thinking

Feng Guorui

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 6, Pages 15-21

Abstract:

The thesis expounds the relation and distinction between innovation and creation. Then it puts stress on discussion of the definition, the evolution mechamism and the great significance of creativity thinking as well as the problems of raising overall synthetical diathesis of the thinking subject.

Keywords： innovation creation creativity thinking thinking subject thinking object

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Three-dimensional shape space learning for visual concept construction: challenges and research progress Perspective

Xin TONG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 9, Pages 1290-1297 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2200318

Abstract: Human beings can easily categorize three-dimensional (3D) objects with similar shapes and functions into a set of “visual concepts” and learn “visual knowledge” of the surrounding 3D real world (). Developing efficient methods to learn the computational representation of the visual concept and the visual knowledge is a critical task in artificial intelligence (). A crucial step to this end is to learn the shape space spanned by all 3D objects that belong to one visual concept. In this paper, we present the key technical challenges and recent research progress in 3D shape space learning and discuss the open problems and research opportunities in this area.

Keywords：视觉概念；视觉知识；三维几何学习；三维形状空间；三维结构

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Application Example of Creativity Thinking and Its Revelation Effect

Li Qiang

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 6, Pages 59-62

Abstract:

The yield mechanism of creativity achievement of gravity separation for solving engineering problem has been analyzed in this paper according to the divergence - convergence model, after the background and realizing track of the advanced dry coal separation with air-dense medium in fluidization bed be put forward in the field of mineral processing. And the application process of creativity thinking and its revelation effect have been discussed, too.

Keywords： gravity separation creativity thinking divergence-convergence model application example

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The Application of Innovatory Thought in Engineering

Zhou Shining

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 9, Pages 1-4

Abstract:

Innovation is most important for developing economy in China. In this paper, the author discussed the excellent character for a talented person in innovation, the basic principle of innovatory thought and the executive method and steps. He explained that the scientific thought was the most important means for innovation by his experiences. He emphasized that firm confidence, strong wish in innovation and deep and wide knowledge were the foundation of innovation.

Keywords： innovatory thought wish of innovation engineering

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Technique for Supporting Scientific Decision and Consultation—Noetic System Engineering

Dai Ruwei

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 17-20

Abstract:

Study on noetic science and noetic system engineering can provide and technical support for scientific decision and consultation. Establishing and initiating an open giant noetic system, the noetic system engineering, is a brand-new engineering. The paper describes social thinking and collective wisdom, the frame structure and technical pattern of hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering, as well as the Internet-based living example of the hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering.

Keywords： scientific decision noetic science social thinking collective wisdom

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Duality of Thinking and Turning It Into Creative Thinking Commemorating Publication 15th Annual of on Thinking-science by Academician Qian Xuesen

Liang Guiming

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 26-34

Abstract:

Entering the era of 21st century, there are two characteristics bearing on thinkinginnovation and comprehension. As to innovation, how to exite creative-thinking is a warm problem. From the high level of philosophy—epistemology and relative-truth of materialist-dialectics, this paper shows that there is the duality of every form of thinking including the thinking of deduction and that of socalled fixed-accustoming. There is an existence of both non-creative thinking and creative thinking and under certain conditions non-creative thinking may be turn into creative thinking which can make new knowledge and innovative achievements. As to comprehension, there are many different opinions on how to define and classify thinkings. By combining physiology and psychology, this paper divides thinkings into 2 parts and 7 basic forms. Connecting dialectics with comprehension, the conclusions of this paper are shown： the duality of non-creative thinking and creative thinking, the duality of reasoning thinking and understanding thinking, the duality of original knowledge and new knowledge, the duality of idea and test-verification, the duality of discovery and invention, the duality of science (sense of truth ) and art (sense of beauty ). The last conclusion is expressed as an example of seeking the theory of a cross-course —industrial design, the main contents of which are technology, art and market. This theory of ID is the first advance in ID.

Keywords： creative thinking turn-condition relativity of knowledge comprehension

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A quantitative attribute-based benchmark methodology for single-target visual tracking Article

Wen-jing KANG, Chang LIU, Gong-liang LIU

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2020, Volume 21, Issue 3, Pages 405-421 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900245

Abstract: In the past several years, various visual object tracking benchmarks have been proposed, and some of them have been used widely in numerous recently proposed trackers. However, most of the discussions focus on the overall performance, and cannot describe the strengths and weaknesses of the trackers in detail. Meanwhile, several benchmark measures that are often used in tests lack convincing interpretation. In this paper, 12 frame-wise visual attributes that reflect different aspects of the characteristics of image sequences are collated, and a normalized quantitative formulaic definition has been given to each of them for the first time. Based on these definitions, we propose two novel test methodologies, a correlation-based test and a weight-based test, which can provide a more intuitive and easier demonstration of the trackers’ performance for each aspect. Then these methods have been applied to the raw results from one of the most famous tracking challenges, the Video Object Tracking (VOT) Challenge 2017. From the tests, most trackers did not perform well when the size of the target changed rapidly or intensely, and even the advanced deep learning based trackers did not perfectly solve the problem. The scale of the targets was not considered in the calculation of the center location error; however, in a practical test, the center location error is still sensitive to the targets’ changes in size.

Keywords： Visual tracking Performance evaluation Visual attributes Computer vision

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Visual commonsense reasoning with directional visual connections Research Articles

Yahong Han, Aming Wu, Linchao Zhu, Yi Yang,yahong@tju.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 5, Pages 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000722

Abstract: To boost research into cognition-level visual understanding, i.e., making an accurate inference based on a thorough understanding of visual details, (VCR) has been proposed. Compared with traditional visual question answering which requires models to select correct answers, VCR requires models to select not only the correct answers, but also the correct rationales. Recent research into human cognition has indicated that brain function or cognition can be considered as a global and dynamic integration of local neuron connectivity, which is helpful in solving specific cognition tasks. Inspired by this idea, we propose a to achieve VCR by dynamically reorganizing the that is contextualized using the meaning of questions and answers and leveraging the directional information to enhance the reasoning ability. Specifically, we first develop a GraphVLAD module to capture to fully model visual content correlations. Then, a contextualization process is proposed to fuse sentence representations with visual neuron representations. Finally, based on the output of , we propose to infer answers and rationales, which includes a ReasonVLAD module. Experimental results on the VCR dataset and visualization analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Keywords：视觉常识推理；有向连接网络；视觉神经元连接；情景化连接；有向连接

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Visual Inspection Technology and its Application

Ye Shenghua,Zhu Jigui,Wang Zhong,Yang Xueyou

Strategic Study of CAE 1999, Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 49-52

Abstract:

Visual inspection, especially, the active visual inspection and passive visual inspection based on triangulation method has advantages of non-contact, rapid speed, flexibility, etc. Visual inspection is a advanced inspection technology, satisfies modern manufacturing demands. This paper discusses the principle of visual inspection, studies several developed applied visual inspection systems, these systems demostrate wide application foreground of visual inspection from different points of view.

Keywords： active visual inspection passive visual inspection inspection system modern manufacturing