中国钢铁行业减污降碳协同的综合分析
An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron and Steel Industry
钢铁行业(ISI)碳排放占中国人为源碳排放总量的15%,同时该行业也是国内大气污染物和水污染物的主要排放源。面对居高不下的钢铁需求,钢铁行业的减污降碳面临严峻挑战。碳排放和污染物排放通常具有同源性,从而可以实现协同减排。基于此,本研究探讨了原料组成结构调整、技术结构调整和行业规模控制三种措施实现降碳(CER)和减污(PER)的内生潜力。本研究选取了五种典型污染物,即废水中的石油烃、化学需氧量及废气中的颗粒物、二氧化硫和氮氧化物,采用交叉弹性法研究了2022—2035年间减污降碳的协同效应。结果表明,在高废钢比(SSR)情景下,2025年碳排放可减少8.7%~11.7%,除颗粒物外的其他四类污染排放可减少20%~31%。此路径下,废钢比和电炉钢(EAF)比在强化降碳和减污(随污染物类型而变化)间的协同作用方面发挥着关键作用。然而,在废钢总量有限的情况下,忽视电炉的废钢供给而盲目提高电炉钢比将会导致碳排放和污染物排放均增加。虽然通过废钢比和电炉钢比的优化可实现碳减排,但仅当粗钢产量增长率保持在2.2%以下时,相应优化措施才可将2030年的碳排放维持在与2021年相当的水平。因此,在制定未来钢铁行业的发展路线时需考虑减污降碳的协同效应。
Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry (ISI), which contributes up to 15% to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (or carbon emissions) and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China, are challenged by the huge demand for steel. Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources, indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically. Here, we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction (CER) and pollution emission reduction (PER). We investigated five typical pollutants in this study, namely, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater, particulate matter, SO2, and NOx in off gases, and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035. The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%-11.7% in carbon emissions and 20%-31% in pollution emissions (except for particulate matter emissions) could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio (SSR) scenario. Here, the SSR and electric arc furnace (EAF) ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER (which vary with the type of pollutant). However, subject to a limited volume of steel scrap, a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions. Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization, only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2% can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021. Therefore, the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.
钢铁行业 / 碳和污染物排放 / 协同减排 / 技术结构 / 废钢 / 交叉弹性
Iron and steel industry / Carbon and pollution emissions / Synergistic reduction / Technological structure / Steel scrap / Cross-elasticity
• Examines the synergistic reduction of both carbon and pollution emissions.
• Explore the low-carbon and low pollution pathway in the iron and steel industry.
• Feedstock composition and technological structure are critical to the synergy.
• Benefit in pollution emission reduction is 4.0- to 5.6- fold of carbon emission reduction.
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