Ophiolite-Hosted Diamond: A New Window for Probing Carbon Cycling in the Deep Mantle

Dongyang Lian, Jingsui Yang

Engineering ›› 2019, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3) : 406-420.

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Engineering ›› 2019, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3) : 406-420. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.006
Research
Research Deep Matter & Energy—Review

Ophiolite-Hosted Diamond: A New Window for Probing Carbon Cycling in the Deep Mantle

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Abstract

As reported in our prior work, we have recovered microdiamonds and other unusual minerals, including pseudomorph stishovite, moissanite, qingsongite, native elements, metallic alloys, and some crustal minerals (i.e., zircon, quartz, amphibole, and rutile) from ophiolitic peridotites and chromitites. These ophiolite-hosted microdiamonds display different features than kimberlitic, metamorphic, and meteoritic diamonds in terms of isotopic values and mineral inclusions. The characteristic of their light carbon isotopic composition implies that the material source of ophiolite-hosted diamonds is surface-derived organic matter. Coesite inclusions coexisting with kyanite rimming an FeTi alloy from the Luobusa ophiolite show a polycrystalline nature and a prismatic habit, indicating their origin as a replacement of stishovite. The occurrence in kyanite and coesite with inclusions of qingsongite, a cubic boron nitride mineral, and a high-pressure polymorph of rutile (TiO2 II) point to formation pressures of 10–15 GPa at temperatures ∼1300 °C, consistent with depths greater than 380 km, near the mantle transition zone (MTZ). Minerals such as moissanite, native elements, and metallic alloys in chromite grains indicate a highly reduced environment for ophiolitic peridotites and chromitites. Widespread occurrence of diamonds in ophiolitic peridotites and chromitites suggests that the oceanic mantle may be a more significant carbon reservoir than previously thought. These ophiolite-hosted diamonds have proved that surface carbon can be subducted into the deep mantle, and have provided us with a new window for probing deep carbon cycling.

Keywords

Ophiolite-hosted diamond / Coesite / Stishovite / Podiform chromitites / Mantle transition zone

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Dongyang Lian, Jingsui Yang. Ophiolite-Hosted Diamond: A New Window for Probing Carbon Cycling in the Deep Mantle. Engineering, 2019, 5(3): 406‒420 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.006

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Prof. Zhiqin Xu, Prof. Qin Wang, Dr. Fei Liu, and Dr. Weiwei Wu for their valuable suggestions. We thank the editors and reviewers for their thorough and valuable comments that greatly improved this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the funds provided by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41720104009 and 41802034) and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province, China (BK20180349). Ms. Yi Ding has helped for figure preparation.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Dongyang Lian and Jingsui Yang declare that they have no conflict of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

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