Recent Advances in the Rheological Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: A Critical Review

Le Teng, Kamal H. Khayat, Jiaping Liu

Engineering ›› 2025

PDF(3502 KB)
PDF(3502 KB)
Engineering ›› 2025 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.011

Recent Advances in the Rheological Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: A Critical Review

Author information +
History +

Abstract

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) with adapted rheology continues to attract interest considering the requirement for novel processing techniques such as self-consolidating, pumping, spraying, and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The rheology of UHPC is complex due to its high solid volume fraction, low water content, and wide range of constituent materials that affect its flow properties. This work provides guidance for tailoring the mixture proportioning of UHPC to secure proper rheological properties and performance of UHPC for various applications. In the first part of this work, key physical, physicochemical, and chemical factors that can affect the rheological properties of UHPC are discussed. Rheological measurement methods and interpretation of the test results are provided to accurately determine the rheological parameters. The effects of constituent materials on the yield stress, viscosity, thixotropy, and structural build-up of UHPC are elaborated. The rheological parameters can increase by up to 100 times with the decrease in water-to-binder ratio. Such an increase can be reduced to less than 10 times through optimization of the particle size distribution and selection of superplasticizer. Rheology control strategies for UHPC for various applications are outlined. Multiple chemical admixtures with an organized molecular architecture must be used to achieve contradictory rheological requirements (e.g., low yield stress but high viscosity; low dynamic yield stress but high static yield stress). Finally, challenges and future demands to fine-tune the rheological properties of sustainable UHPC are showcased. Of special interest in future studies is the interaction between low-clinker binder and chemical admixtures and its effect on the microstructure of fresh UHPC.

Keywords

Rheology / Structural build-up / Supplementary cementitious materials / Thixotropy / Ultra-high-performance concrete / Viscosity / Yield stress

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Le Teng, Kamal H. Khayat, Jiaping Liu. Recent Advances in the Rheological Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete: A Critical Review. Engineering, 2025 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.04.011

References

[1]
Du J, Meng W, Khayat KH, Bao Y, Guo P, Lyu Z, et al.New development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC).Compos B Eng 2021; 224:109220.
[2]
Teng L, Huang H, Khayat KH, Gao X.Simplified analytical model to assess key factors influenced by fiber alignment and their effect on tensile performance of UHPC.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 127:104395.
[3]
Gong J, Ma Y, Fu J, Hu J, Ouyang X, Zhang Z, et al.Utilization of fibers in ultra-high performance concrete: a review.Compos B Eng 2022; 241:109995.
[4]
Yoo DY, Oh T, Banthia N.Nanomaterials in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)—a review.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 134:104730.
[5]
Graybeal B, Brühwiler E, Kim BS, Toutlemonde F, Voo YL, Zaghi A.International perspective on UHPC in bridge engineering.J Bridge Eng 2020; 25(11):04020094.
[6]
Lin Y, Yan J, Wang Z, Zou C.Theoretical models and reliability assessment of steel–UHPC–steel composite beams in offshore structures.Ocean Eng 2023; 271:113739.
[7]
Bae Y, Pyo S.Effect of steel fiber content on structural and electrical properties of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) sleepers.Eng Struct 2020; 222:111131.
[8]
Bae Y, Pyo S.Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) sleeper: structural design and performance.Eng Struct 2020; 210:110374.
[9]
Teng L, Valipour M, Khayat KH.Design and performance of low shrinkage UHPC for thin bonded bridge deck overlay.Cement Concr Compos 2021; 118:103953.
[10]
Ahmadah O, Bessaies-Bey H, Yahia A, Roussel N.A new mix design method for low-environmental-impact blended cementitious materials: optimization of the physical characteristics of powders for better rheological and mechanical properties.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 128:104437.
[11]
Li PP, Yu QL, Brouwers HJH.Effect of PCE-type superplasticizer on early-age behaviour of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).Constr Build Mater 2017; 153:740-750.
[12]
Flatt RJ, Roussel N, Bessaies-Bey H, Caneda-Martínez L, Palacios M, Zunino F.From physics to chemistry of fresh blended cements.Cement Concr Res 2023; 172:107243.
[13]
Schröfl C, Gruber M, Plank J.Preferential adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on cement and silica fume in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).Cement Concr Res 2012; 42(11):1401-1408.
[14]
Khayat KH, Yahia A.Effect of welan gum-high-range water reducer combinations on rheology of cement grout.ACI Mater J 1997; 94:365-372.
[15]
Teng L, Meng W, Khayat KH.Rheology control of ultra-high-performance concrete made with different fiber contents.Cement Concr Res 2020; 138:106222.
[16]
Liu G, Cheng W, Chen L, Pan G, Liu Z.Rheological properties of fresh concrete and its application on shotcrete.Constr Build Mater 2020; 243:118180.
[17]
Souza MT, Ferreira IM, Guzi E de Moraes, Senff L, Novaes AP de Oliveira.3D printed concrete for large-scale buildings: an overview of rheology, printing parameters, chemical admixtures, reinforcements, and economic and environmental prospects.J Build 2020; 32:101833.
[18]
Roussel N.Rheological requirements for printable concretes.Cement Concr Res 2018; 112:76-85.
[19]
Yuan S, Xu Z, Liu J.Insights and challenges of predicting concrete pumpability: a state-of-art review.J Build 2024; 95:110265.
[20]
Roussel N, Ovarlez G, Garrault S, Brumaud C.The origins of thixotropy of fresh cement pastes.Cement Concr Res 2012; 42(1):148-157.
[21]
Han K, Guo T, Shu X, Ran Q, Guo Y, Shi J.Insight into the role of early C3A hydration in structural build-up of cement paste.Cement Concr Res 2024; 175:107354.
[22]
Roussel N, Lema Aître, Flatt RJ, Coussot P.Steady state flow of cement suspensions: a micromechanical state of the art.Cement Concr Res 2010; 40(1):77-84.
[23]
Perrot A, Lecompte T, Khelifi H, Brumaud C, Hot J, Roussel N.Yield stress and bleeding of fresh cement pastes.Cement Concr Res 2012; 42(7):937-944.
[24]
Bouvet A, Ghorbel E, Bennacer R.The mini-conical slump flow test: analysis and numerical study.Cement Concr Res 2010; 40(10):1517-1523.
[25]
Roussel N, Coussot P.“Fifty-cent rheometer” for yield stress measurements: from slump to spreading flow.J Rheol 2005; 49(3):705-718.
[26]
Flatt RJ.Dispersion forces in cement suspensions.Cement Concr Res 2004; 34(3):399-408.
[27]
Mantellato S, Flatt RJ.Shifting factor—a new paradigm for studying the rheology of cementitious suspensions.JACerS 2020; 103(6):3562-3574.
[28]
Roussel N, Bessaies-Bey H, Kawashima S, Marchon D, Vasilic K, Wolfs R.Recent advances on yield stress and elasticity of fresh cement-based materials.Cement Concr Res 2019; 124:105798.
[29]
Flatt RJ, Bowen P.Yodel: a yield stress model for suspensions.JACerS 2006; 89(4):1244-1256.
[30]
Hot J, Bessaies-Bey H, Brumaud C, Duc M, Castella C, Roussel N.Adsorbing polymers and viscosity of cement pastes.Cement Concr Res 2014; 63:12-19.
[31]
Zhu J, Liu J, Khayat KH, Shu X, Ran Q, Li Z.Mechanisms affecting viscosity of cement paste made with microfines of manufactured sand.Cement Concr Res 2022; 156:106757.
[32]
Zuo W, Zhang L, Du Z, Tian Q, Xu W, Li Z, et al.Design of cement-based materials with robust viscosity: from polymer solution scale to concrete scale.Mater Struct 2022; 55(7):188.
[33]
Navarrete I, Kurama Y, Escalona N, Lopez M.Impact of physical and physicochemical properties of supplementary cementitious materials on structural build-up of cement-based pastes.Cement Concr Res 2020; 130:105994.
[34]
Teng L, Wei J, Khayat KH, Assaad JJ.Effect of competitive adsorption between specialty admixtures and superplasticizer on structural build-up and hardened property of mortar phase of ultra-high-performance concrete.Cement Concr Compos 2023; 141:105130.
[35]
Zhang K, Mezhov A, Schmidt W.Chemical and thixotropic contribution to the structural build-up of cementitious materials.Constr Build Mater 2022; 345:128307.
[36]
Lecompte T, Perrot A.Non-linear modeling of yield stress increase due to SCC structural build-up at rest.Cement Concr Res 2017; 92:92-97.
[37]
Lowke D.Thixotropy of SCC—a model describing the effect of particle packing and superplasticizer adsorption on thixotropic structural build-up of the mortar phase based on interparticle interactions.Cement Concr Res 2018; 104:94-104.
[38]
Nicia D, Jakob C, Jansen D, Ivanov D, Mazanec O, Dengler J, et al.Thixotropy of superplasticized cement pastes—underlying mechanisms considering the polycarboxylate molecular structure, interparticle interactions and hydration kinetics.Cement Concr Res 2023; 173:107289.
[39]
Perrot A, Lecompte T, Estell Pé, Amziane S.Structural build-up of rigid fiber reinforced cement-based materials.Mater Struct 2013; 46(9):1561-1568.
[40]
Zuo W, Bessaies-Bey H, Tian Q, Miao C, Roussel N.Robustness of cement-based materials: from dosage variations to yield stress fluctuations.Cement Concr Res 2021; 139:106260.
[41]
Poupelloz E, Gauffinet S, Nonat A.Study of nucleation and growth processes of ettringite in diluted conditions.Cement Concr Res 2020; 127:105915.
[42]
Kwan AKH, Li LG.Combined effects of water film, paste film and mortar film thicknesses on fresh properties of concrete.Constr Build Mater 2014; 50:598-608.
[43]
Yammine J, Chaouche M, Guerinet M, Moranville M, Roussel N.From ordinary rhelogy concrete to self compacting concrete: a transition between frictional and hydrodynamic interactions.Cement Concr Res 2008; 38(7):890-896.
[44]
Mahaut F, Mok Séddem, Chateau X, Roussel N, Ovarlez G.Effect of coarse particle volume fraction on the yield stress and thixotropy of cementitious materials.Cement Concr Res 2008; 38(11):1276-1285.
[45]
Lecompte T, Perrot A, Picandet V, Bellegou H, Amziane S.Cement-based mixes: shearing properties and pore pressure.Cement Concr Res 2012; 42(1):139-147.
[46]
Thiedeitz M, Dressler I, Kränkel T, Gehlen C, Lowke D.Effect of pre-shear on agglomeration and rheological parameters of cement paste.Materials 2020; 13(9):2173.
[47]
Teng L, Addai-Nimoh A, Khayat KH.Effect of lightweight sand and shrinkage reducing admixture on structural build-up and mechanical performance of UHPC.J Build 2023; 68:106144.
[48]
Meng W, Khayat KH.Improving flexural performance of ultra-high-performance concrete by rheology control of suspending mortar.Compos B Eng 2017; 117:26-34.
[49]
Aghaee K, Sposito R, Khayat KH.Synergistic effect of shrinkage mitigating materials on rheological properties of flowable and thixotropic cement paste.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 133:104686.
[50]
Cui J, He Z, Zhang G, Cai X.Rheological properties of sprayable ultra-high performance concrete with different viscosity-enhancing agents.Constr Build Mater 2022; 321:126154.
[51]
Ley-Hernández AM, Feys D.Resting time effect on the rheological behavior of cement paste in presence of superplasticizer.Cement Concr Res 2021; 142:106347.
[52]
Ley-Hernández AM, Feys D, Kumar A.How do different testing procedures affect the rheological properties of cement paste?.Cement Concr Res 2020; 137:106189.
[53]
Wu Z, Khayat KH, Shi C.Changes in rheology and mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete with silica fume content.Cement Concr Res 2019; 123:105786.
[54]
Wallevik OH, Feys D, Wallevik JE, Khayat KH.Avoiding inaccurate interpretations of rheological measurements for cement-based materials.Cement Concr Res 2015; 78:100-109.
[55]
Feys D, Khayat KH.Particle migration during concrete rheometry: how bad is it?.Mater Struct 2017; 50(2):122.
[56]
Hafid H, Ovarlez G, Toussaint F, Jezequel PH, Roussel N.Assessment of potential concrete and mortar rheometry artifacts using magnetic resonance imaging.Cement Concr Res 2015; 71:29-35.
[57]
Xu Z, Sun W, Liu J.Reducing plug flow effect on measured rheological results of cement-based materials: image analysis and numerical iteration approach.Constr Build Mater 2024; 429:136401.
[58]
Arunothayan AR, Nematollahi B, Khayat KH, Ramesh A, Sanjayan JG.Rheological characterization of ultra-high performance concrete for 3D printing.Cement Concr Compos 2023; 136:104854.
[59]
More R, Ardekani AM.Unifying disparate rate-dependent rheological regimes in non-Brownian suspensions.Phys Rev E 2021; 103(6):062610.
[60]
Chatt Gé, Comtet J, Nigu Aès, Bocquet L, Siria A, Ducouret G, et al.Shear thinning in non-Brownian suspensions.Soft Matter 2018; 14(6):879-893.
[61]
Sha S, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Shi C.Effect of molecular structure of maleic anhydride, fumaric acid–isopentenyl polyoxyethylene ether based polycarboxylate superplasticizer on its properties in cement pastes.Constr Build Mater 2021; 308:125143.
[62]
Feys D, Verhoeven R, De G Schutter.Fresh self-compacting concrete, a shear thickening material.Cement Concr Res 2008; 38(7):920-929.
[63]
Li H, Huang F, Xie Y, Yi Z, Wang Z.Effect of water–powder ratio on shear thickening response of SCC.Constr Build Mater 2017; 131:585-591.
[64]
Feys D, Verhoeven R, De G Schutter.Why is fresh self-compacting concrete shear thickening?.Cement Concr Res 2009; 39(6):510-523.
[65]
Cyr M, Legrand C, Mouret M.Study of the shear thickening effect of superplasticizers on the rheological behaviour of cement pastes containing or not mineral additives.Cement Concr Res 2000; 30(9):1477-1483.
[66]
Brown E, Forman NA, Orellana CS, Zhang H, Maynor BW, Betts DE, et al.Generality of shear thickening in dense suspensions.Nat Mater 2010; 9(3):220-224.
[67]
Yang H, Lu C, Mei G.Shear-thickening behavior of cement pastes under combined effects of mineral admixture and time.J Mater Civ Eng 2018; 30(2):04017282.
[68]
Heirman G, Vandewalle L, van D Gemert, ÓWallevik .Integration approach of the Couette inverse problem of powder type self-compacting concrete in a wide-gap concentric cylinder rheometer.J Nonnewton Fluid Mech 2008; 150(2–3):93-103.
[69]
Feys D, Wallevik JE, Yahia A, Khayat KH, Wallevik OH.Extension of the Reiner–Riwlin equation to determine modified Bingham parameters measured in coaxial cylinders rheometers.Mater Struct 2013; 46(1–2):289-311.
[70]
Yahia A, Khayat KH.Analytical models for estimating yield stress of high-performance pseudoplastic grout.Cement Concr Res 2001; 31(5):731-738.
[71]
Perrot A, Rangeard D, Pierre A.Structural built-up of cement-based materials used for 3D-printing extrusion techniques.Mater Struct 2016; 49(4):1213-1220.
[72]
Ivanova I, Mechtcherine V.Possibilities and challenges of constant shear rate test for evaluation of structural build-up rate of cementitious materials.Cement Concr Res 2020; 130:105974.
[73]
Yuan Q, Zhou D, Li B, Huang H, Shi C.Effect of mineral admixtures on the structural build-up of cement paste.Constr Build Mater 2018; 160:117-126.
[74]
Du J, Guo P, Liu Z, Meng W.Highly thixotropic ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) as an overlay.Constr Build Mater 2023; 366:130130.
[75]
Yuan Q, Zhou D, Khayat KH, Feys D, Shi C.On the measurement of evolution of structural build-up of cement paste with time by static yield stress test vs. small amplitude oscillatory shear test.Cement Concr Res 2017; 99:183-189.
[76]
Perrot A, Pierre A, Vitaloni S, Picandet V.Prediction of lateral form pressure exerted by concrete at low casting rates.Mater Struct 2015; 48(7):2315-2322.
[77]
Teng L, Zhu J, Khayat KH, Liu J.Effect of welan gum and nanoclay on thixotropy of UHPC.Cement Concr Res 2020; 138:106238.
[78]
Ma S, Qian Y, Kawashima S.Experimental and modeling study on the non-linear structural build-up of fresh cement pastes incorporating viscosity modifying admixtures.Cement Concr Res 2018; 108:1-9.
[79]
Kruger J, Zeranka S, van G Zijl.3D concrete printing: a lower bound analytical model for buildability performance quantification.Autom Construct 2019; 106:102904.
[80]
Assaad J, Khayat K, Mesbah H.Assessment of thixotropy of flowable and self-consolidating concrete.ACI Mater J 2003; 100:99-107.
[81]
González-Taboada I, González-Fonteboa B, Martínez-Abella F, Seara-Paz S.Thixotropy and interlayer bond strength of self-compacting recycled concrete.Constr Build Mater 2018; 161:479-488.
[82]
Tuyan M, Saleh R Ahari, Erdem TK, Andi Öç Çakır, Ramyar K.Influence of thixotropy determined by different test methods on formwork pressure of self-consolidating concrete.Constr Build Mater 2018; 173:189-200.
[83]
Keke L, Yong L, Liuliu X, Junjie Z, Kangning L, Dingqiang F, et al.Rheological characteristics of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) incorporating bentonite.Constr Build Mater 2022; 349:128793.
[84]
Kolawole JT, Combrinck R, Boshoff WP.Measuring the thixotropy of conventional concrete: the influence of viscosity modifying agent, superplasticiser and water.Constr Build Mater 2019; 225:853-867.
[85]
Wang R, Gao X, Huang H, Han G.Influence of rheological properties of cement mortar on steel fiber distribution in UHPC.Constr Build Mater 2017; 144:65-73.
[86]
Ma X, Yuan Q, Liu J, Shi C.Effect of water absorption of SAP on the rheological properties of cement-based materials with ultra-low w/b ratio.Constr Build Mater 2019; 195:66-74.
[87]
Chen JJ, Kwan AKH.Superfine cement for improving packing density, rheology and strength of cement paste.Cement Concr Compos 2012; 34(1):1-10.
[88]
Dils J, Boel V, de G Schutter.Influence of cement type and mixing pressure on air content, rheology and mechanical properties of UHPC.Constr Build Mater 2013; 41:455-463.
[89]
Huang T, Li B, Yuan Q, Shi Z, Xie Y, Shi C.Rheological behavior of Portland clinker–calcium sulphoaluminate clinker–anhydrite ternary blend.Cement Concr Compos 2019; 104:103403.
[90]
Shi Y, Long G, Zen X, Xie Y, Shang T.Design of binder system of eco-efficient UHPC based on physical packing and chemical effect optimization.Constr Build Mater 2021; 274:121382.
[91]
Mao Y, Jiao D, Hu X, Jiang Z, Shi C.Effect of dispersion behavior of silica fume on the rheological properties and early hydration characteristics of ultra-high strength mortar.Cement Concr Compos 2024; 152:105654.
[92]
He J, Cheng C, Zhu X, Li X.Effect of silica fume on the rheological properties of cement paste with ultra-low water binder ratio.Materials 2022; 15(2):554.
[93]
Wu Z, Shi C, Khayat KH.Influence of silica fume content on microstructure development and bond to steel fiber in ultra-high strength cement-based materials (UHSC).Cement Concr Compos 2016; 71:97-109.
[94]
Mehdipour I, Khayat KH.Effect of supplementary cementitious material content and binder dispersion on packing density and compressive strength of sustainable cement paste.ACI Mater J 2016; 113:361-372.
[95]
Ting L, Qiang W, Shiyu Z.Effects of ultra-fine ground granulated blast-furnace slag on initial setting time, fluidity and rheological properties of cement pastes.Powder Technol 2019; 345:54-63.
[96]
Wang X, Yu R, Song Q, Shui Z, Liu Z, Wu S, et al.Optimized design of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with a high wet packing density.Cement Concr Res 2019; 126:105921.
[97]
Mehdipour I, Khayat KH.Effect of particle-size distribution and specific surface area of different binder systems on packing density and flow characteristics of cement paste.Cement Concr Compos 2017; 78:120-131.
[98]
Yu AB, Bridgwater J, Burbidge A.On the modelling of the packing of fine particles.Powder Technol 1997; 92(3):185-194.
[99]
Kwan AKH, Wong HHC.Packing density of cementitious materials: part 2—packing and flow of OPC + PFA + CSF.Mater Struct 2008; 41(4):773-784.
[100]
Yin T, Yu R, Liu K, Wang Z, Fan D, Wang S, et al.Precise mix-design of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) based on physicochemical packing method: from the perspective of cement hydration.Constr Build Mater 2022; 352:128944.
[101]
Arunothayan AR, Nematollahi B, Ranade R, Khayat KH, Sanjayan JG.Digital fabrication of eco-friendly ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 125:104281.
[102]
Huang H, Huang T, Yuan Q, Zhou D, Deng D, Zhang L.Temperature dependence of structural build-up and its relation with hydration kinetics of cement paste.Constr Build Mater 2019; 201:553-562.
[103]
Huang W, Kazemi-Kamyab H, Sun W, Scrivener K.Effect of cement substitution by limestone on the hydration and microstructural development of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).Cement Concr Compos 2017; 77:86-101.
[104]
Burroughs JF, Shannon J, Rushing TS, Yi K, Gutierrez QB, Harrelson DW.Potential of finely ground limestone powder to benefit ultra-high performance concrete mixtures.Constr Build Mater 2017; 141:335-342.
[105]
Jia Z, Kong L, Jia L, Ma L, Chen Y, Zhang Y.Printability and mechanical properties of 3D printing ultra-high performance concrete incorporating limestone powder.Constr Build Mater 2024; 426:136195.
[106]
Wu Z, Shi C, Khayat KH, Wan S.Effects of different nanomaterials on hardening and performance of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC).Cement Concr Compos 2016; 70:24-34.
[107]
Zhang Z, Xiao J, Han K, Wang J, Hu X.Study on the structural build-up of cement-ground limestone pastes and its micro-mechanism.Constr Build Mater 2020; 263:120656.
[108]
Yu KQ, Yu JT, Dai JG, Lu ZD, Shah SP.Development of ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composites using polyethylene (PE) fibers.Constr Build Mater 2018; 158:217-227.
[109]
Chateau X, Ovarlez G, Trung KL.Homogenization approach to the behavior of suspensions of noncolloidal particles in yield stress fluids.J Rheol (NYNY) 2008; 52(2):489-506.
[110]
Krieger IM, Dougherty TJ.A mechanism for non‐Newtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres.Trans Soc Rheol 1959; 3(1):137-152.
[111]
Kabagire KD, Diederich P, Yahia A, Chekired M.Experimental assessment of the effect of particle characteristics on rheological properties of model mortar.Constr Build Mater 2017; 151:615-624.
[112]
Tai YS, El-Tawil S, Meng B, Hansen W, Sherif F El-Tawil, Asce B, et al.Parameters influencing fluidity of UHPC and their effect on mechanical and durability properties.J Mater Civ Eng 2020; 32(10):04020298.
[113]
Meng W, Valipour M, Khayat KH.Optimization and performance of cost-effective ultra-high performance concrete.Mater Struct 2017; 50(1):1-16.
[114]
Fan D, Lu JX, Liu K, Ban J, Yu R, Poon CS.Multi-scale design of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composites with centroplasm theory.Compos B Eng 2024; 281:111562.
[115]
Liu K, Yin T, Fan D, Wang J, Yu R.Multiple effects of particle size distribution modulus (q) and maximum aggregate size (Dmax) on the characteristics of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC): experiments and modeling.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 133:104709.
[116]
Mora CF, Kwan AKH.Sphericity, shape factor, and convexity measurement of coarse aggregate for concrete using digital image processing.Cement Concr Res 2000; 30(3):351-358.
[117]
Hafid H, Ovarlez G, Toussaint F, Jezequel PH, Roussel N.Effect of particle morphological parameters on sand grains packing properties and rheology of model mortars.Cement Concr Res 2016; 80:44-51.
[118]
Yang R, Yu R, Shui Z, Guo C, Wu S, Gao X, et al.The physical and chemical impact of manufactured sand as a partial replacement material in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).Cement Concr Compos 2019; 99:203-213.
[119]
Yu L, Huang L, Ding H.Rheological and mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete containing fine recycled concrete aggregates.Materials 2019; 12(22):3717.
[120]
Ren Q, Tao Y, Jiao D, de G Schutter, Jiang Z.Rheological properties of concrete with manufactured sand: a multi-level prediction.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 133:104647.
[121]
Liu J, Shi C, Farzadnia N, Ma X.Effects of pretreated fine lightweight aggregate on shrinkage and pore structure of ultra-high strength concrete.Constr Build Mater 2019; 204:276-287.
[122]
Meng W, Khayat K.Effects of saturated lightweight sand content on key characteristics of ultra-high-performance concrete.Cement Concr Res 2017; 101:46-54.
[123]
Meng W, Samaranayake VA, Khayat KH.Factorial design and optimization of ultra-high-performance concrete with lightweight sand.ACI Mater J 2018; 115(1):129-138.
[124]
Zuo S, Yuan Q, Huang T, Zhang M, Wu Q.Rheological behaviour of low-heat Portland cement paste with MgO-based expansive agent and shrinkage reducing admixture.Constr Build Mater 2021; 304:124583.
[125]
De J Vlieger, Boehme L, Blaakmeer J, Li J.Buildability assessment of mortar with fine recycled aggregates for 3D printing.Constr Build Mater 2023; 367:130313.
[126]
Huang BT, Zhu JX, Weng KF, Li VC, Dai JG.Ultra-high-strength engineered/strain-hardening cementitious composites (ECC/SHCC): material design and effect of fiber hybridization.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 129:104464.
[127]
Yu KQ, Zhu WJ, Ding Y, Lu ZD, Yu J, Xiao JZ, et al.Micro-structural and mechanical properties of ultra-high performance engineered cementitious composites (UHP-ECC) incorporation of recycled fine powder (RFP).Cement Concr Res 2019; 124:105813.
[128]
Yoo DY, Kim S, Kim JJ, Chun B.An experimental study on pullout and tensile behavior of ultra-high-performance concrete reinforced with various steel fibers.Constr Build Mater 2019; 206:46-61.
[129]
Wu Z, Shi C, He W, Wu L.Effects of steel fiber content and shape on mechanical properties of ultra high performance concrete.Constr Build Mater 2016; 103:8-14.
[130]
Martinie L, Rossi P, Roussel N.Rheology of fiber reinforced cementitious materials: classification and prediction.Cement Concr Res 2010; 40(2):226-234.
[131]
Fan D, Yu R, Liu K, Tan J, Shui Z, Wu C, et al.Optimized design of steel fibres reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composites: towards to dense structure and efficient fibre application.Constr Build Mater 2021; 273:121698.
[132]
Du J, Xiao H, Liu R, Wang W.Contribution of fiber–matrix interface enhancement on flexural properties of ultra-high-performance concrete.Cement Concr Compos 2023; 137:104926.
[133]
Khayat KH, Teng L, Addai-Nimoh A.Performance of cost-effective non-proprietary UHPC in thin-bonded bridge overlays. Missouri Department of Transportation Library, Report. Rolla (2023)
[134]
Jia Z, Zhou M, Chen Y, Wang W, Ma L, Chen Y, et al.Effect of steel fiber shape and content on printability, microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printable high strength cementitious materials.Case Stud Constr Mater 2024; 20:e03080.
[135]
Zhang K, Pan L, Li J, Lin C.What is the mechanism of the fiber effect on the rheological behavior of cement paste with polycarboxylate superplasticizer?.Constr Build Mater 2021; 281:122542.
[136]
Zhang K, Pan L, Li J, Lin C, Cao Y, Xu N, et al.How does adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer effect rheology and flowability of cement paste with polypropylene fiber?.Cement Concr Compos 2019; 95:228-236.
[137]
Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang EH, Tan KH.Effects of geometry and fraction of polypropylene fibers on permeability of ultra-high performance concrete after heat exposure.Cement Concr Res 2019; 116:168-178.
[138]
Ghasemzadeh SH Mosavinejad, Langaroudi MAM, Barandoust J, Ghanizadeh A.Electrical and microstructural analysis of UHPC containing short PVA fibers.Constr Build Mater 2020; 235:117448.
[139]
Sultangaliyeva F, Carr Hé, La C Borderie, Zuo W, Keita E, Roussel N.Influence of flexible fibers on the yield stress of fresh cement pastes and mortars.Cement Concr Res 2020; 138:106221.
[140]
Abdelrazik AT, Khayat KH.Effect of fiber characteristics on fresh properties of fiber-reinforced concrete with adapted rheology.Constr Build Mater 2020; 230:116852.
[141]
Meng W, Khayat KH.Effect of hybrid fibers on fresh properties, mechanical properties, and autogenous shrinkage of cost-effective UHPC.J Mater Civ Eng 2018; 30(4):04018030.
[142]
Oh T, You I, Banthia N, Yoo DY.Deposition of nanosilica particles on fiber surface for improving interfacial bond and tensile performances of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete.Compos B Eng 2021; 221:109030.
[143]
Sha S, Wang M, Shi C, Xiao Y.Influence of the structures of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on its performance in cement-based materials—a review.Constr Build Mater 2020; 233:117257.
[144]
Zhang Y, Kong X.Correlations of the dispersing capability of NSF and PCE types of superplasticizer and their impacts on cement hydration with the adsorption in fresh cement pastes.Cement Concr Res 2015; 69:1-9.
[145]
Zhang Q, Shu X, Yang Y, Wang X, Liu J, Ran Q.Preferential adsorption of superplasticizer on cement/silica fume and its effect on rheological properties of UHPC.Constr Build Mater 2022; 359:129519.
[146]
Sha S, Mantellato S, Weckwerth SA, Zhang Z, Shi C, Flatt RJ.Do superplasticizers work the way we think? New insights from their effect on the percolation threshold of limestone pastes.Cement Concr Res 2023; 172:107235.
[147]
Weckwerth SA, Temme RL, Flatt RJ.Experimental method and thermodynamic model for competitive adsorption between polycarboxylate comb copolymers.Cement Concr Res 2022; 151:106523.
[148]
Kobya V, Karakuzu K, Mardani A, Feleko Bğlu, Ramyar K.Effect of chain characteristics of polycarboxylate-based water-reducing admixtures on behavior of cementitious systems: a review.J Mater Civ Eng 2023; 35(8):03123002.
[149]
Zhang Q, Chen J, Zhu J, Yang Y, Zhou D, Wang T, et al.Advances in organic rheology-modifiers (chemical admixtures) and their effects on the rheological properties of cement-based materials.Materials 2022; 15(24):8730.
[150]
Zhang Q, Shu X, Yu X, Yang Y, Ran Q.Toward the viscosity reducing of cement paste: optimization of the molecular weight of polycarboxylate superplasticizers.Constr Build Mater 2020; 242:117984.
[151]
Shu X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhang Q, Zhao H, et al.Rheological properties of cement pastes with polycarboxylate superplasticizers of varied backbone stiffness.J Mater Civ Eng 2019; 31(6):04019092.
[152]
Ran Q, Somasundaran P, Miao C, Liu J, Wu S, Shen J.Effect of the length of the side chains of comb-like copolymer dispersants on dispersion and rheological properties of concentrated cement suspensions.J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 336(2):624-633.
[153]
Plank J, Sachsenhauser B.Impact of molecular structure on zeta potential and adsorbed conformation of α-allyl-ω-methoxypolyethylene glycol-maleic anhydride superplasticizers.J Adv Concr Technol 2006; 4(2):233-239.
[154]
Abile R, Russo A, Limone C, Montagnaro F.Impact of the charge density on the behaviour of polycarboxylate ethers as cement dispersants.Constr Build Mater 2018; 180:477-490.
[155]
Qian Y.Effect of polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizer on thixotropic structural build-up of fresh cement pastes over time.Constr Build Mater 2021; 291:123241.
[156]
Qian Y, Lesage K, El K Cheikh, De G Schutter.Effect of polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer (PCE) on dynamic yield stress, thixotropy and flocculation state of fresh cement pastes in consideration of the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).Cement Concr Res 2018; 107:75-84.
[157]
Li Q, Fan Y.Effect of nano-metakaolin on the thixotropy of fresh cement paste.Constr Build Mater 2022; 353:129062.
[158]
Han K, Guo T, Shu X, Guo Y, Ran Q.Understanding the thixotropic structural build-up of C3S pastes in the presence of polycarboxylate superplasticizers.Cement Concr Res 2024; 184:107625.
[159]
Sha S, Sirajuddin M, Flatt RJ.D3 method: direct and delayed dosing: new insights into specific surface area modification by superplasticizers.Cement Concr Res 2024; 181:107541.
[160]
Zhang L, Kong X, Xing F, Dong B, Wang F.Working mechanism of post-acting polycarboxylate superplasticizers containing acrylate segments.J Appl Polym Sci 2018; 135(5):45753.
[161]
Bessaies-Bey H, Palacios M, Pustovgar E, Hanafi M, Baumann R, Flatt RJ, et al.Non-adsorbing polymers and yield stress of cement paste: effect of depletion forces.Cement Concr Res 2018; 111:209-217.
[162]
Chen Y, Chaves S Figueiredo, Li Z, Chang Z, Jansen K, et al.Improving printability of limestone–calcined clay-based cementitious materials by using viscosity-modifying admixture.Cement Concr Res 2020; 132:106040.
[163]
Marchon D, Kawashima S, Bessaies-Bey H, Mantellato S, Ng S.Hydration and rheology control of concrete for digital fabrication: potential admixtures and cement chemistry.Cement Concr Res 2018; 112:96-110.
[164]
Bessaies-Bey H, Khayat KH, Palacios M, Schmidt W, Roussel N.Viscosity modifying agents: key components of advanced cement-based materials with adapted rheology.Cement Concr Res 2022; 152:106646.
[165]
Palacios M, Flatt RJ.Working mechanism of viscosity-modifying admixtures.P.C. Aïtcin, R.J. Flatt (Eds.), Science and technology of concrete admixtures, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge 2016; 415-432.
[166]
Sonebi M, Lachemi M, Hossain KMA.Optimisation of rheological parameters and mechanical properties of superplasticised cement grouts containing metakaolin and viscosity modifying admixture.Constr Build Mater 2013; 38:126-138.
[167]
Bessaies-Bey H.Polymères et propriétés rhéologiques d’une pâte de ciment: une approche physique générique [dissertation].Paris: Université Paris- Est; 2015. French.
[168]
Brumaud C.Origines microscopiques des conséquences rhéologiques de l’ajout d’éthers de cellulose dans une suspension cimentaire [dissertation].Paris: Université Paris- Est; 2011. French.
[169]
Lombois-Burger H, Colombet P, Halary JL, Van H Damme.On the frictional contribution to the viscosity of cement and silica pastes in the presence of adsorbing and non adsorbing polymers.Cement Concr Res 2008; 38(11):1306-1314.
[170]
Poinot T, Govin A, Grosseau P.Influence of hydroxypropylguars on rheological behavior of cement-based mortars.Cement Concr Res 2014; 58:161-168.
[171]
Qiao M, Chen J, Gao N, Shan G, Wu J, Zhu B, et al.Effects of adsorption group and molecular weight of viscosity-modifying admixtures on the properties of cement paste.J Mater Civ Eng 2022; 34(7):04022148.
[172]
Sonebi M.Rheological properties of grouts with viscosity modifying agents as diutan gum and welan gum incorporating pulverised fly ash.Cement Concr Res 2006; 36(9):1609-1618.
[173]
Chen J, Gao N, Wu J, Shan G, Qiao M, Ran Q, et al.Effects of the charge density of anionic copolymers on the properties of fresh cement pastes.Constr Build Mater 2020; 263:120207.
[174]
Schmidt W, Brouwers HJH, Kühne HC, Meng B.Interactions of polysaccharide stabilising agents with early cement hydration without and in the presence of superplasticizers.Constr Build Mater 2017; 139:584-593.
[175]
Bessaies-Bey H, Baumann R, Schmitz M, Radler M, Roussel N.Organic admixtures and cement particles: competitive adsorption and its macroscopic rheological consequences.Cement Concr Res 2016; 80:1-9.
[176]
Chen J, Qiao M, Gao N, Wu J, Shan G, Zhu B, et al.Acrylate based post-acting polymers as novel viscosity modifying admixtures for concrete.Constr Build Mater 2021; 312:125414.
[177]
Liu J, Farzadnia N, Shi C.Microstructural and micromechanical characteristics of ultra-high performance concrete with superabsorbent polymer (SAP).Cement Concr Res 2021; 149:106560.
[178]
Zhong P, Wyrzykowski M, Toropovs N, Li L, Liu J, Lura P.Internal curing with superabsorbent polymers of different chemical structures.Cement Concr Res 2019; 123:105789.
[179]
Liu J, Wang M, Liu N, Teng L, Wang Y, Chen Z, et al.Development of ultra-fine SAP powder for lower-shrinkage and higher-strength cement pastes made with ultra-low water-to-binder ratio.Compos B Eng 2023; 262:110810.
[180]
Aghaee K, Sposito R, Thienel KC, Khayat KH.Effect of additional water or superplasticizer on key characteristics of cement paste made with superabsorbent polymer and other shrinkage mitigating materials.Cement Concr Compos 2023; 136:104893.
[181]
Liu J, Khayat KH, Shi C.Effect of superabsorbent polymer characteristics on rheology of ultra-high performance concrete.Cement Concr Compos 2020; 112:103636.
[182]
Mechtcherine V, Secrieru E, Schröfl C.Effect of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) on rheological properties of fresh cement-based mortars - development of yield stress and plastic viscosity over time.Cement Concr Res 2015; 67:52-65.
[183]
Moelich GM, Kruger J, Combrinck R.Modelling the interlayer bond strength of 3D printed concrete with surface moisture.Cement Concr Res 2021; 150:106559.
[184]
Chen Y, Liang M, Zhang Y, Li Z, Schlangen E, et al.Can superabsorbent polymers be used as rheology modifiers for cementitious materials in the context of 3D concrete printing?.Constr Build Mater 2023; 371:130777.
[185]
Oh S, Choi S.Effects of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) on the rheological behavior of cement mortars: a rheological study on performance requirements for 3D printable cementitious materials.Constr Build Mater 2023; 392:131856.
[186]
Kang ST, Lee BY, Kim JK, Kim YY.The effect of fibre distribution characteristics on the flexural strength of steel fibre-reinforced ultra high strength concrete.Constr Build Mater 2011; 25(5):2450-2457.
[187]
Qu S, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Huang L, Qiu M, Shao X.Prediction of tensile response of UHPC with aligned and ZnPh treated steel fibers based on a spatial stochastic process.Cement Concr Res 2020; 136:106165.
[188]
Yoo DY, Kang ST, Yoon YS.Effect of fiber length and placement method on flexural behavior, tension-softening curve, and fiber distribution characteristics of UHPFRC.Constr Build Mater 2014; 64:67-81.
[189]
Li M, Li VC.Rheology, fiber dispersion, and robust properties of engineered cementitious composites.Mater Struct 2013; 46(3):405-420.
[190]
Teng L, Huang H, Du J, Khayat KH.Prediction of fiber orientation and flexural performance of UHPC based on suspending mortar rheology and casting method.Cement Concr Compos 2021; 122:104142.
[191]
Huang H, Gao X, Li L, Wang H.Improvement effect of steel fiber orientation control on mechanical performance of UHPC.Constr Build Mater 2018; 188:709-721.
[192]
Wang JN, Yu R, Ji DD, Tang LW, Yang SC, Fan DQ, et al.Effect of distribution modulus (q) on the properties and microstructure development of a sustainable ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC).Cement Concr Compos 2022; 125:104335.
[193]
Sritharan S, Doiron G, Bierwagen D, Keierleber B, Abu-Hawash A.First application of UHPC bridge deck overlay in North America.Transp Res Rec 2018; 2672(26):40-47.
[194]
Khayat KH, Omran AF, Pavate TV.Inclined plane test to evaluate structural build-up at rest of self-consolidating concrete.ACI Mater J 2010; 107:515-522.
[195]
Yun KK, Choi P, Yeon JH.Correlating rheological properties to the pumpability and shootability of wet-mix shotcrete mixtures.Constr Build Mater 2015; 98:884-891.
[196]
Chen FX, Yang RH, Wang ZY, Zhang GZ, Yu R.Rheological analysis and molecular dynamics modeling of ultra-high performance concrete for wet-mix spraying.J Build 2023; 68:106167.
[197]
Lee JH, Yoo DY.Full-scale pumping tests of low-viscosity ultra-high-strength concrete.J Build 2021; 43:102616.
[198]
Dickinson RM, Afzal MFUD, Mantawy IM, Azizinamini A.Non-proprietary ultra high-performance concrete mixtures for pneumatic spray applications.Structures 2024; 60:105911.
[199]
Cui J, He Z, Zhang G, Cai X, Hu L.Rheology, mechanical properties and pore structure of sprayed ultra-high performance concrete (SUHPC) with viscosity-enhancing agent.Constr Build Mater 2022; 350:128840.
[200]
Zhou W, McGee W, Zhu H, Gök HSçe, Li VC.Time-dependent fresh properties characterization of 3D printing engineered cementitious composites (3DP-ECC): on the evaluation of buildability.Cement Concr Compos 2022; 133:104704.
[201]
Gu Y, Khayat KH.Extrudability window and offline test methods to predict buildability of 3D printing concrete.Cement Concr Res 2024; 182:107552.
[202]
Arunothayan AR, Nematollahi B, Ranade R, Bong SH, Sanjayan J.Development of 3D-printable ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete for digital construction.Constr Build Mater 2020; 257:119546.
[203]
Li H, Addai-Nimoh A, Kreiger E, Khayat KH.Methodology to design eco-friendly fiber-reinforced concrete for 3D printing.Cement Concr Compos 2024; 147:105415.
[204]
Zhang T, Wang D, Lu Y.RheologyNet: a physics-informed neural network solution to evaluate the thixotropic properties of cementitious materials.Cement Concr Res 2023; 168:107157.
[205]
Jiao D, Lesage K, Yardimci MY, El K Cheikh, Shi C, De G Schutter.Quantitative assessment of the influence of external magnetic field on clustering of nano-Fe3O4 particles in cementitious paste.Cement Concr Res 2021; 142:106345.
[206]
De G Schutter, Ezzat M, Lesage K, Hoogenboom R.Responsive superplasticizers for active rheology control of cementitious materials.Cement Concr Res 2023; 165:107084.
[207]
Zhang Y, Ren Q, Dai X, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, et al.A potential active rheology control approach for 3D printable cement-based materials: coupling of temperature and viscosity modifiers.Cement Concr Compos 2024; 149:105496.
[208]
Zhang Y, Lesage K, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Van K Tittelboom, De G Schutter.A comparison of magneto-responsive particles and testing protocols for active rheology control of cementitious materials.Cement Concr Compos 2024; 146:105390.
[209]
Zhang Y, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Van K Tittelboom, Lesage K, De G Schutter.Upscaling active rheology control to cement mortar with the intervention of an inline magnetic field.Constr Build Mater 2024; 425:135853.
AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF(3502 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/