Anti-Senescent Biomaterials for Breaking Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Jia-Ying Ding , Yang-Shuo Ge , Jun Shen , Wen-Yao Li , Chun-Meng Huang , Min-Jun Zhao , Jian-Li Yin , Xue-Zong Wang , Jian-Guang Xu , Wenguo Cui , Dao-Fang Ding
Engineering ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10) : 259 -285.
Anti-Senescent Biomaterials for Breaking Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of chronic lower back pain, affecting a significant portion of the global population. Traditional treatments, including drug administration and surgery, focus primarily on symptom relief but fail to address the underlying pathological mechanisms of IVDD. Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is closely related to the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) caused by highly levels of inflammation, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA damage, low levels of autophagy, and the acidic microenvironment in the disc. This review explores the pathogenesis of IVDD mediated by NPC senescence, summarizes recent advances in biological therapy, and highlights the latest developments in antisenescent biomaterials. These biomaterials have the potential to delay disc degeneration by clearing senescent cells, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation, activating autophagy, and modulating the acidic microenvironment of the disc. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IVDD, coupled with the design of more effective antisenescent biomaterials, offers promising avenues for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and improving patients’ quality of life.
Intervertebral disc degeneration / Nucleus pulposus cells / Senescence / Extracellular matrix / Biomaterials / Molecular mechanisms
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