Frontier Integration in Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Engineering-Driven Mechanistic Exploration and a New Paradigm for Clinical Translation

Mi Zhou; Xue Yao; Boya Huang; Jie Ren; Haiwen Feng; Shiqing Feng

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.012

Engineering ›› :202511012 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.012

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Frontier Integration in Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Engineering-Driven Mechanistic Exploration and a New Paradigm for Clinical Translation

Mi Zhou ^a^,^#
, Xue Yao ^a^,^#
, Boya Huang ^a
, Jie Ren ^a
, Haiwen Feng ^a
, Shiqing Feng ^a^,^b^,^c^,^*

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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating traumatic disorder of the central nervous system that severely impairs sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, placing heavy burdens on patients, families, and society. This review summarizes engineering advances in SCI repair, emphasizing neuromodulation therapies, surgical approaches, cell therapy, pharmacological and gene therapies, and biomaterial-based tissue engineering. It also discusses challenges in clinical translation, such as ethical considerations, multimodal technology integration, and interindividual variability. The review underscores the importance of strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration to integrate multiple-model treatments and accelerate their clinical application.

Keywords

Spinal cord injury / Tissue engineering / Neuromodulation / Biomaterial / Brain-computer interface / Translational medicine

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Mi Zhou, Xue Yao, Boya Huang, Jie Ren, Haiwen Feng, Shiqing Feng. Frontier Integration in Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Engineering-Driven Mechanistic Exploration and a New Paradigm for Clinical Translation. Engineering 202511012 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.012

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