Sorption-Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Oxides by Selective Water Vapor Capture

Fiorella Massa; Antonio Coppola; Fabrizio Scala

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.020

Engineering ›› :202511020 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.020

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Sorption-Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Oxides by Selective Water Vapor Capture

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Abstract

In the energy transition context, there is growing interest in thermochemical catalytic processes for pro-ducing synthetic renewable hydrocarbons. These include biomass gasification followed by syngas conver-sion, or CO₂ capture from flue gases and subsequent hydrogenation—known as carbon capture and utilization (CCU). The latter uses excess renewable electricity to generate green hydrogen via water elec-trolysis, a concept called Power-to-Fuel. A recently proposed approach, sorption-enhanced hydrogena-tion, applies Le Chatelier’s principle to improve reaction efficiency by selectively removing steam with a suitable sorbent. By locally adsorbing water, the system shifts equilibrium toward desired products, enabling effective hydrogenation at relatively low pressures. The key challenge is developing materials that adsorb water under relevant operating conditions yet can be regenerated without degrading the cat-alyst or consuming excessive energy. Most research so far has focused on fixed-bed reactors, which are simple and compact but require intermittent operation for sorbent regeneration and face heat manage-ment challenges at larger scale. In contrast, chemical looping systems using coupled fluidized beds can offer continuous operation, easier heat control, and effective sorbent regeneration. This review summa-rizes both early and recent developments in sorption-enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of carbon oxides into products such as methane, methanol, dimethyl ether, and carbon monoxide (via the reverse water-gas shift reaction). It covers experimental and modeling studies, and highlights key challenges and research directions for scaling up this promising technology to commercial levels.

Keywords

Sorption-enhanced reaction / Catalytic hydrogenation / Methanation / Methanol / Dimethyl ether / Reverse water-gas-shift / Carbon capture and utilization / Power-to-fuel / Synthetic fuel / H₂O sorbent

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Fiorella Massa, Antonio Coppola, Fabrizio Scala. Sorption-Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Oxides by Selective Water Vapor Capture. Engineering 202511020 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2025.11.020

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