[0,1] Modulated Backscatter with Lower-Power Integration of Sensing and Communication for I-IoE in 6G

Tao Jiang; Miaoran Peng; Yu Zhang; Xin Zhu; Shuqi Tang

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.008

Engineering ›› :202601008 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.008

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[0,1] Modulated Backscatter with Lower-Power Integration of Sensing and Communication for I-IoE in 6G

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Abstract

Artificial intelligence for the intelligent Internet of Everything (I-IoE) establishes a four-dimensional interconnection among people, data, processes, and things, providing possibilities for the next generation of industrial revolution. Against the ultra-high power consumption brought by massive connectivity, passive backscatter communication has emerged as a promising paradigm for the I-IoE. However, even with a well-designed communication module, integrating sensing components significantly multiplies the overall system complexity and cost in the context of the {0,1} modulation paradigm. In this paper, we introduce a [0,1] modulated backscatter architecture that achieves the seamless integration of passive sensing and communication. Unlike the conventional backscatter of reading, encoding, and reflecting, the proposed [0,1] modulated backscatter directly converts environmental physical quantities into continuous frequency-modulated square waves. Building on this concept, we propose an intelligent detection method based on graph dimensionality reduction. This method achieves low computational complexity at the receiver by leveraging a pre-measured dataset. We then present a hardware communication system that performs data collection, transmission, and demodulation, providing experimental validation for the proposed architecture. Furthermore, simulation results verify the feasibility of a continuous frequency division multiple-access method for large-scale tags. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme. This work provides a potential breakthrough for achieving ultra-low-power integrated sensing and communication in sixth-generation wireless communication networks.

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Wireless communication / Backscatter communication / Sensing / Artificial intelligence / Hardware implementation

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Tao Jiang, Miaoran Peng, Yu Zhang, Xin Zhu, Shuqi Tang. [0,1] Modulated Backscatter with Lower-Power Integration of Sensing and Communication for I-IoE in 6G. Engineering 202601008 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.008

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