Prospects for Commercial Exploitation of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules: From Perspectives of Economic Benefits, Technological Feasibility, and Environmental Protection

Huajun Li; Jiancheng Liu; Lei Li; Xiuzhan Zhang; Liwei Yu

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.018

Engineering ›› :202601018 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.018

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Prospects for Commercial Exploitation of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules: From Perspectives of Economic Benefits, Technological Feasibility, and Environmental Protection

Huajun Li ^a
, Jiancheng Liu ^b^,^c
, Lei Li ^b^,^c
, Xiuzhan Zhang ^b^,^c
, Liwei Yu ^a^,^*

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Huajun Li, Jiancheng Liu, Lei Li, Xiuzhan Zhang, Liwei Yu. Prospects for Commercial Exploitation of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules: From Perspectives of Economic Benefits, Technological Feasibility, and Environmental Protection. Engineering 202601018 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2026.01.018

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